BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Bound 2, Peptidoglycan, Golgi Apparatus
Document Summary
Bacteria & archaea: the smallest organisms, have the greatest metabolic diversity of all organisms, use variety of substances as e & c sources to make almost all organic molecules. Live successfully in al(cid:373)ost all regio(cid:374)s of earth" s surfa(cid:272)e, fro(cid:373) a(cid:374)tar(cid:272)ti(cid:272) to hot spri(cid:374)gs: vastly outnumber all other types of organisms, vary in shape, size, cell structure, e metabolism & habitat, can be bad & good. Bacteria & archaea: cell structure & function (p 476-477 fig: simple structure & small compared to eukaryotic cells, appear in a variety of shapes, spherical (coccoid), rod (cylindrical) & spiral. Unique structures: cell wall (the components), capsule, flagellar structure, pili, plasmids (extra dna) Bacterial dna: bacterial genomic dna: most bacteria have 1 circular piece of dna but still double stranded, contained in nucleoid no nuclear membrane. Bacterial chromosome replication: closed, circular molecule of dna packed into nucleoid region of cell, replication begins from a single origin (origin of replication)