BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lactic Acid, Carboxylation, Oxygenase
Document Summary
Enzyme catalyzed reactions are 10^21 times faster than ones without enzymes. Dephosphorylation with an enzyme take 0. 1 seconds but without an enzyme it is estimated to take 1 trillion years. Without enzymes to speed up reactions life wouldn"t exist. It takes energy to climb a mountain or to build a protein. Energy is present in many forms such as: heat, chemical, electrical, and mechanical, electromagnetic radiation (visible, infrared, and uv) is also a type of energy. Energy can be transformed from one form to another: ex. All energy can be grouped into two groups: kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic: energy possessed by an object because it is in motion, ex. Photons, it can perform work by making other objects move. Potential: stored energy, ex. atoms in a glucose molecule have potential energy in the specific arrangements of energy (this is called: chemical potential energy) The laws of thermodynamics describe the energy flow in natural systems:
