BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Electrochemical Gradient, Carbon Fixation, Oxidative Phosphorylation

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viridianhornet894

4 Nov 2015

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It"s the means by which most organism get their organic molecules. Happens inside chloroplast in eukaryotes. Its endergonic because takes in energy from light. This process is the opposite direction of cr. Same as nadh but has a phosphate group. It can be reduced or oxidized with addition of h. Light reactions: creates building blocks required for reaction (makes energy) Calvin cycle: use the electrons and energy that was built in light reactions to build glucose. In euks it takes place in chloroplast. It"s backwards to cr because the. It"s backwards to cr because the protons need to flow out. Output is high energy electron carrier(nadph) Photosystem complexes- absorb light energy and pass onto electron. Made of tons of polypeptides and pigments. But when it absorbs photon of light it excites an electron that is passed on. Other pigments are surrounding if they get the light they pass it on to the chlorphyll.

Related Questions

[Why are the other answers wrong?]

When donating it's activated electron, the chlorophyll in photosystem II (P680) instead to be a very powerful oxidizing agent. This is best shown by its ability to:

1. make use of a proton electrochemical gradient to drive the formation of ATP.

2. force the oxidation of oxygen in water 2 oxygen gas

3. donate an electron to polastoquinone (Pq)

4. Absorb light energy to power redox reactions

5. Force the reduction of an NADP+ to NADPH

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

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photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

1. How many ATP are produced between the kreb cycle and glycolysis
a. 4
b. 24
c. 6-8
d. 2

2. The total molecules of ATP from each molecule of glucose is the entire cellular respiration process is (pg 160)
a. 36-38
b. 2-4
c. 6-8
d. 32-38

3. Calvin cycle uses the cellular energy and NADPH to produce _________ from carbon dioxide
a. energy
b. ATP
c. AMP
d. sugar

4. The site of photosynthesis in plants is called the__________
a. chromoplast
b. carotenoids
c. chloroplant
d. chlorophyll

5. T or F The Calvin cycle can also be called the dark cycle of reaction

6. T or F Prokaryotes lack chloroplast but they do have membranes that operates in the same manner

7. What is proton-motive force?
A) the force required to remove an electron from hydrogen
B) the force exerted on a proton by a transmembrane proton concentration gradient
C) the force that moves hydrogen into the intermembrane space
D) the force that moves hydrogen to NAD+
E) the force that moves hydrogen into the mitochondrion

8.In autotrophic bacteria, where are the enzymes located that can carry on carbon fixation (reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate)?

A) in chloroplast membranes
B) in the infolded plasma membrane
C) in chloroplast stroma
D) in the cytosol
E) in the nucleoid

9.Organism that depend on an outside source to produce food for their consumption using the process of photosynthesis are called ______________
a. saprobes
b. chemoautotrophs
c. heterotrophs
d. mixotrophs

10.In many chemical reactions, there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another transfers of electron are called________
a. oxidation
b. reduction
c. redox action
d. metabolism

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BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Electrochemical Gradient, Carbon Fixation, Oxidative Phosphorylation

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