BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Democratic Party Of Iranian Kurdistan, Tyrosine, Mitogen

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Calmodulin (fig 15. 43: 4 binding sites for ca2, changes conformation with ca2+, binds to other proteins, targets: enzymes, membrane transport proteins, protein kinases, cam kinases. G proteins regulate by: direct binding, or indirectly through cyclic nucleotides. Cyclic nucleotide gated-ion channels (smell and vision) 15. 48: rods vision in dim lighting, photoreceptor is rhodopsin (g-protein coupled receptor) (gpcr fig 15. 16b, ligand is light, retinal isomerisation fig 3-53a and pretty picture on wikipedia, light + 11-cis tutto-trans retinal. Conformational change in rhodopsin: causes a change in g protein gt transducin, activates enzyme cyclic gmp phosphodiesterase. Signalling cascade: amplification fig 15. 50. Adaptation: receptor desensitization fig 15. 51 (1) activated receptor phosphorylated (kinase is gpcr kinase) (2) arrestin protein binds, prevents binding to g-proteins. Similar to gpcrs: transmembrane proteins bind to ligand on outer pm. Differences: cytosolic domain has enzyme activity or associates with an enzyme, only one transmembrane domain. Phosphorylate each other - trans auto phosphorylation. Creates docking sites for other proteins (15. 53a, 15. 54)

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