BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Homologous Chromosome, Dna Replication, Reverse Genetics

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1 Nov 2017

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Haploid: a cell or an organism having one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. Hippocrates and aristotle discussed heredity as it related to humans. Hippocrates: semen and how it served as the bearers of hereditary traits, how some of them can be diseased leadi(cid:374)g to defo(cid:396)(cid:373)ities i(cid:374) (cid:374)e(cid:449) (cid:271)o(cid:396)(cid:374). Belie(cid:448)ed that (cid:374)e(cid:449) (cid:271)o(cid:396)(cid:374) (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:862)i(cid:374)he(cid:396)it(cid:863) t(cid:396)aits that pa(cid:396)e(cid:374)ts (cid:862)a(cid:272)(cid:395)ui(cid:396)ed(cid:863) i(cid:374) (cid:396)espo(cid:374)se to the e(cid:374)(cid:448)i(cid:396)o(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t. A(cid:396)istotle: (cid:373)ale se(cid:373)e(cid:374) (cid:272)o(cid:374)tai(cid:374)ed (cid:862)(cid:448)ital heat(cid:863) (cid:449)ith the (cid:272)apa(cid:272)ity to p(cid:396)odu(cid:272)e a(cid:374) offsp(cid:396)i(cid:374)g (cid:449)ith the same form as the parent, basically having the same structures and capacities. Epigenesis: an organism is developed from egg through development events that would transform an egg into an adult. Homunculus: theory that stated that fertilized egg contained a miniature adult. Cell theory: all organisms are composed of basic units called cells. Spontaneous generation: the creation of living organisms from non-living components.

Related Questions

Ants are haplodiploid organisms. This means females are diploid (2n) and males are haploid (n). The gametes produced by both males and females are haploid (n). There is no homologous recombination in males during gamete formation. There is no sex chromosome.

In an ant species, it is known that wings formation (F) and setae density (D) are each controlled by a different, simple-Mendelian locus/gene. Individuals which are homozygous recessive for both genes have no wings (f) and no setae (d). Previous experiments also indicated that both loci/genes are on the same chromosome.

a. Design a test cross to map the genetic distance of the genes, by writing the genotype of the tester and its mate. (2 pts)

Genotype of tester:

Genotype of testerâs mate:

b.In order for the test cross to produce offspring with non-parental phenotypes, the tester has to be of a specific sex. What sex must the tester be? Briefly explain your choice in your own words. (Hint:what is a test cross?) (2 pts)

Sex of tester:

emeraldweasel173

1. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?

2. Understand how independent assortment can cause gametes to have four combinations of alleles when an individual is heterozygous for two genes on two different chromosomes.

3. What are linked characters and linked genes? Understand why linked genes will not independently assort.

4. How can crossing over affect linked genes?

5. What are recombinant gametes?

6. Define recombinant frequency. Be able to use the recombinant frequency to determine how close two genes are on a chromosome.

7. What is a linkage map?

8. What is the function of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome? What happens if you don't have this gene?

9. Know how sex is determined in mammals, birds, bees and ants, and reptiles.

10. How many autosomes and sex chromosomes do normal human haploid and diploid cells have?

11. What does it mean for a gene to be X-linked or Y-linked?

12. Be able to answer word problems and fill out a Punnet square involving an X-linked recessive trait.

13. Which sex is more likely to have an X-linked recessive disorder? Understand why.

P.s The most simple answer would be preferable. I would be copping the notes over that you will provide to my noteb book and add my details to it.

greylocust179

1) Ants are haplodiploid organisms. This means females are diploid (2n) and males are haploid (n). The gametes produced by both males and females are haploid (n). There is no homologous recombination in males during gamete formation. There is no sex chromosome. In an ant species, it is known that wings formation (F) and setae density (D) are each controlled by a different, simple-Mendelian locus/gene. Individuals which are homozygous recessive for both genes have no wings (f) and no setae (d). Previous experiments also indicated that both loci/genes are on the same chromosome.

a. Design a test cross to map the genetic distance of the genes, by writing the genotype of the tester and its mate. (2 pts) Genotype of tester: Genotype of testerâs mate:

b. In order for the test cross to produce offspring with non-parental phenotypes, the tester has to be of a specific sex. What sex must the tester be? Briefly explain your choice in your own words. (Hint: what is a test cross?) (2 pts) Sex of tester:

c. 100 offspring were produced from a particular test cross. The phenotypic ratio of these offspring is observed to be the following:

Normal wings and setae density40

Wings and setae both absent 47

Normal wings but no setae 4

Normal setae density but no wings 9

Calculate and describe in words the genetic distance between the two loci/genes of interest. Remember to include the unit of measurement (6 pts).

carminecaribou726

BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Homologous Chromosome, Dna Replication, Reverse Genetics

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