BIOL 2040 Lecture 4: Chapter 4 Notes and Terms
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1 Nov 2017
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Wild-type allele: allele that occurs most frequently, people designate it as normal, in a populatio(cid:374). Does(cid:374)(cid:859)t al(cid:449)a(cid:455)s ha(cid:448)e to (cid:271)e do(cid:373)i(cid:374)a(cid:374)t (cid:894)ofte(cid:374) is(cid:895: wild-type phenotype: wta is responsible for a specific wtp and is used to compare the mutations that are occurring at a particular locus. They had observations that phenotype is under the influence of one or more genes located at specific loci on one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes. The process of mutation is source of alleles. In order for a new allele to be recognized by the organism, it needs to cause change in phenotype. A new phenotype results from the change in functional activity of the cellular product specified by a gene. Sometimes, mutations may enhance the function of the wild-type product. Increases the quantity of the gene product: ex: gain-of-function mutations, most often result in dominant alleles.
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These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.â
Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?
Select the four correct statements.
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance. |
-In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios. |
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios. |
-The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon. |
-Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon. |