BIOL 2900 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Prokaryotic Small Ribosomal Subunit, Beta-Lactam, Bone Marrow Suppression
29 Sep 2017
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C. difficile: not for very young or pregnant female. Chloramphenicol: mode of action, binds to the 50s ribosome inhibit peptidyl transferase activity, bacteriostatic, adverse effects toxic (bone marrow suppression) but is used in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Inhibitors of rna synthesis: selectivity due to differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic rna polymerase, rifamycins (ex. Antimetabolite antibiotics: sulfonamides, mode of action, analogues of paba and competitively inhibit formation of dihydropteroic acid, bacteriostatic trimethoprim, mode of action, binds to second enzyme of this pathway and inhibit formation of thf, bacteriostatic. Clavulinic acid: binds strongly to beta lactamases inhibits their activity, synergistic effect with penicillin and cephalosporins. Altered target site: bacterial cell can alter/eliminate the target site for the antibiotics, ex. penicillin binding protein (transpeptidase) antibiotic-efflux pump, common pump that expels antibacterial drugs (ex. tetracyclines) from bacterial cells. Cross resistance: pathogen can acquire resistance to several antibiotics with a similar chemical structure, ex.
