BIOL 2900 Lecture Notes - Clonal Selection, B-Cell Receptor, Humoral Immunity

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ivorycat17

21 Nov 2013

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A response to a specific molecule (antigen) The immune system can remember invaders and react more promptly to second exposures to infection: only an exposure to the same antigen will activate this memory response. The specific immune system distinguishes between self and non-self and only reacts against non-self. Specific response: can only recognize one specific antiegn. Immunological memory: cellular (t cells, humoral (b cells) Antigens (ag) are substances that induce a specific immune response and subsequently react with the products of a specific immune response. An antibody molecule has two related functions in humoral immunity: recognize and bind to a certain antigen, by binding to it, help to counter its effect: Neturalization: ab neutralized toxins, binds to attachment molecules. Complement activation: occurs on antibody bound to pathogens (holes on cell membrane and cell lysis. Opsonization: ab binds to pathogens surface molecules and link them to phagocyte cell (when fc thas part of ab bind to bacteria, fc is stuck out.

Related Questions

Which of the following is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

a .It is a specific response against microbial antigen

b. It includes inflammation.

c. It activates the alternative complement pathway.

d. It includes defenses on the body surfaces.

2. C-reactive protein is an opsonin because it:

a. creates a channel in bacterial membranes

b. increases C3b binding to a microbe.

c. forms the pathogen-associated molecular patterns.

d. enhances phagocytosis.

3. The rapid increase in antibody production after repeated exposures to the same antigen is due to:

a. antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

b. higher levels of IgE

c. presence of memory cells.

d. clonal proliferation of NK cells

4. Cytotoxic T cells can kill cancer cells by:

a. inducing apoptosis with granzyme.b. release of membrane attack complex.

c. activate the production of complement C3b

d. phagocytosis of opsonized cells.

5. Which event is not required for the activation of helper T cells?

a. The presence of interleukin-1

b. Binding of CD8 receptors

c. Binding of matching non-antigenic proteins of the antigen-presenting cel

d. Presentation of an antigen bound to class II MHC

plumworm266

1.List the steps of the immune response in the correct order, fromfirst to last. (First, Second, Third)

The immune system develops proteins called antibodies that fightthe infection by killing the antigens.	Choose... Third First Second
The immune system identifies antigens.	Choose... Third First Second
The body saves some antibodies so they are available to fight offthe same disease if exposed again.	Choose... Third First Second

2.Match each item with the correct "line of defense" it isclassified under. (Surface Barrier, General Defense, ImmuneResponse)

lysozyme	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
inflammation	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
lymph nodes	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
B cells and T cells	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
unbroken skin	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses
Antibodies	Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses

3.What is the role of histamine in the inflammatory response?

Chooseone answer.

	a. Itdestroys bacteria by a process called "cell-eating."
	b. Itproduces a fever and lethargy, so energy can be reserved forbattling the illness.
	c. It formsblood clots in the damaged area.
	d. Itdilates blood vessels to make more room for the body's defensive agentsin the injured area.

4.Match each item with the correct description. (Antigen, Prion, Blymphocyte, Macrophage)

An infectious particle that consists only of protein	Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage
A white blood cell that engulfs and destroys foreign material, such asbacteria	Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage
Any substance that instigates a response by the immune system	Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage
A white blood cell that can make antibodies	Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage

5.Who is credited with designing the first vaccine?

	a. LinusPauling
	b. EdwardJenner
	c. JonasSalk
	d. StanleyMiller

6.The flu (influenza) vaccine is generally administered as aninjection, often referred to as the flu shot. Can the flu shot giveyou the flu?

	a. No,because the flu shot is a live, attenuated vaccine.
	b. Yes,because the flu shot is a live, attenuated vaccine.
	c. No,because the flu shot is an inactivated vaccine.
	d. Yes,because the flu shot is an inactivated vaccine.

7.Getting a vaccine is similar to getting the actual disease insome ways. For example, when you get a vaccine, yourimmune system produces antibodies that will protect you from future exposures tothe actual disease.

True or False?

8.Getting a vaccine is NOT similar to getting the actual disease insome ways. For example, when you get a vaccine, you should notexperience outward symptoms of the disease you were vaccinatedagainst.

True or False?

9.Numerous scientific studies have shown that there is NO LINKbetween vaccines and autism.

True or False?

orangeseal52

HI HELP PLEASE I NEED ANSWERS TO ALL QUESTIONS PLEASE THANKS

1. during inflamation fluid will passively diffuse out of blod vessels into the nearby infected tissue. This implies all of the following EXCEPT

a.the osmolarity of the fluid surrounding infected tissues is higher than the plasma b the surrounding tissue will swell with excessive fluids c near by cappilaries have become more pearmeable d B-lymphocyte will differeniate to become plasma cell

2. which of the following best describe the qualities of most antigens?

a macromolecules that are foreign to the host b atomic elements that are not normally present in the human body c macromolecules tah tare produced by the host organism d atomic elements that are harmful or toxic

3. an adbantages to adaptive immunity is

a its memory cell that provide quicker larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen b its need for several cells to be activated over several days on first exposure c the ability for its individul cells to respond to many differnt pathogens d the use of antibodies that cause cells lysis and kill invading cells

4, an advantages of innate immunity is

a its a barrier taht prevent pathogens from entering into the body b the specifcity of its individual cell which specialize in the removal on one type of antigen c the numerous step in the activation of its cell that can prevent autoimmune disease d the use of the antibodies to cause cell lysis and kill invading cell

5. B- lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune sys for all of the following reason but one Which of the following is NOT one part of reason B lyphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?

a they produce memory cell when activated b their receptors will bind to only one antigen c they require costimulation from an activated T helper cell d thet are a first line of defense that can begin killing

6. Over lap in the innate and adaptive immune sys is seen in all of the following examples but one Which of the following examples does NOT illustrate the over lap of innate and adaptive immune resposes ??? adendritic cell presenting antigen on their MHC II proteins to T helper cells b macrophage becoming activated macrophages in response to cytokines realesed by T helper cells c natural killer cell causing of an abnoraml host cell lacking MHC proteins d Plasma cell that produce large amounts of IgE that will ultimetly allow mast cell to relase histamine

7. Which of the following examples below describe an autoimmune disease? a infection and death of T helper cells bya virus resulting in a loss of adaptive immunity b realse of bacterial endotoxins that block acetylcholine realse result is muscle paralysis c antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of hte motor end palte resulting in muscle weakness.d uncontrolled cell division resulting in cell surface abnormalities recognized by natural killer cell.

8. Which of he following does NOT describe actions of interferon IFN? a virally infected cell can release interferon which attracts natural killer cell to attack and kill the IFN secreting cell b IFN binds to normal uninfected cell stimulating the activation of genes that produce anti viral proteins c IFN will attract macrophages to the secreting cell to be removed bt phagocytosis d IFN can penetrate the virla capsid and destroy the virus

BIOL 2900 Lecture Notes - Clonal Selection, B-Cell Receptor, Humoral Immunity

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