BIOL 2900 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cell Theory, Cytoplasm, Hydrophile
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Question 9
Codominance is a form of inheritance in which two different allelesfor a gene are both expressed, and neither allele is dominant overthe other. One example of codominance is fur color in cattle; thealleles for red fur and white fur are codominant. If a homozygousred cow and a homozygous white bull mate, what would you expect tofind in their offspring?.912.l.16.2>
They will all have white fur.
Their fur will be a mixture of red and white hairs.
Their fur will be a lighter shade of red.
They will all have red fur.
Question 10
If a tRNA molecule has an anticodon which reads AUG, what will itmatch up with and what amino acid is it carrying?
.912.l.16.5>
U | C | A | G | ||||||
UUU | Phenylalanine | UCU | Serine | UAU | Tyrosine | UGU | Cysteine | U | |
U | UUC | Phenylalanine | UCC | Serine | UAC | Tyrosine | UGC | Cysteine | C |
UUA | Leucine | UCA | Serine | UAA | Stop | UGA | Stop | A | |
UUG | Leucine | UCG | Serine | UAG | Stop | UGG | Tryptophan | G | |
CUU | Leucine | CCU | Proline | CAU | Hisitidine | CGU | Arginine | U | |
C | CUC | Leucine | CCC | Proline | CAC | Hisitidine | CGC | Arginine | C |
CUA | Leucine | CCA | Proline | CAA | Glutamine | CGA | Arginine | A | |
CUG | Leucine | CCG | Proline | CAG | Glutamine | CGG | Arginine | G | |
AUU | Isoleucine | ACU | Threonine | AAU | Asparagine | AGU | Serine | U | |
A | AUC | Isoleucine | ACC | Threonine | AAC | Asparagine | AGC | Serine | C |
AUA | Isoleucine | ACA | Threonine | AAA | Lysine | AGA | Arginine | A | |
AUG | Methionine/Start | ACG | Threonine | AAG | Lysine | AGG | Arginine | G | |
GUU | Valine | GCU | Alanine | GAU | Aspartate | GGU | Glycine | U | |
G | GUC | Valine | GCC | Alanine | GAC | Aspartate | GGC | Glycine | C |
GUA | Valine | GCA | Alanine | GAA | Glutamate | GGA | Glycine | A | |
GUG | Valine | GCG | Alanine | GAG | Glutamate | GGG | Glycine | G |
It is carrying arginine and will match with a CGU codon on themRNA.
It is carrying methionine and will match with a TAC codon on theDNA.
It is carrying methionine and will match with a UAC codon on themRNA.
It is carrying tyrosine and will match with a UAC codon on themRNA.
Question 11
While the DNA in a human skin cell was being replicated, a singlebase was miscopied. What will be the most likely result of this forthe cell in which it happened?.912.l.16.3>
All the proteins the cell creates from the miscopied strand willdo different jobs than the old ones.
If the new sequence codes for the same amino acid as theoriginal cell, it will function normally.
Both new DNA strands will end up together in a new cell, and theinaccurate one will be discarded.
Any miscopied DNA will be replaced with an accurate DNA copyonce the cell divides.
Question 12
A ferret's haploid number of chromosomes is 20. How would thenumber of chromosomes in the ferret's body cells compare to thenumber of chromosomes in its gametes?.912.l.16.17>
Its body cells would have 20 chromosomes, and its gametes wouldhave 40 chromosomes.
Its body cells and gametes would both have 40 chromosomes.
Its body cells and gametes would both have 20 chromosomes.
Its body cells would have 40 chromosomes, and its gametes wouldhave 20 chromosomes.
Question 13
A body cell is in the longest stage of its life cycle. The cellgrows, synthesizing proteins and increasing in size. Eventually,the cell will grow too large to carry out normal activities. Whichof the following is the best conclusion you can make about the lifecycle of this cell?.912.l.16.14>
The cell is close to the end of its life cycle, and a chemicalsignal will initiate cell death.
The cell is ready to undergo mitosis, and a chemical signal willsend the cell to prophase.
The cell is in the G1 phase of interphase, and a chemical signalwill send the cell to the S phase.
The cell is in the S phase of interphase, and a chemical signalwill move the cell to the G2 phase.
Question 14
While mRNA strands are being created a sequence is sometimesmiscopied. What is the best possible outcome for the cell shouldthis take place?.912.l.16.5>
The miscopied sequence codes for the same amino acids as theoriginal sequence.
The new sequence creates a protein that serves a differentfunction from the original.
The ribosomes will correct the mistake before the tRNA matchesan amino acid to it.
The mRNA will only be used to create non-critical proteins forthe cell.
Question 15
Over the last several decades, the scientific community hasgathered a large amount of information regarding genetics andgenetic variation. What are two main sources that lead toincreased genetic variation?.912.l.15.15>
Selective breeding
Gamete mutations
Recombination
Genetic drift
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Question 211 pts
Blood cells placed in pure water will burst because there is a net movement of water out of the cell.
True |
False |
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Question 221 pts
Photosynthesis takes place in tiny organelles within the cell known as mitochondria.
True |
False |
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Question 231 pts
The balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration is
C6H12O6 + 6O2 â 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP
True |
False |
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Question 241 pts
A catalyst is anything that speeds up a chemical reaction.
True |
False |
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Question 251 pts
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
True |
False |
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Question 261 pts
Changes in temperature and pH may speed up or slow down the activity of an enzyme.
True |
False |
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Question 271 pts
There are 20 different amino acids.
True |
False |
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Question 281 pts
The products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.
True |
False |
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Question 291 pts
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Cell Theory?
Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell. |
Cells are the smallest units of structure and function |
All organisms are composed of one or more cells. |
Cells can vary their shape and size to suit the environment for survival. |
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Question 301 pts
What is the name of the two subatomic particles that can be found in the nucleus of an atom?
neutrons and electrons |
protons and neutrons |
protons and electrons |
protons and morons |
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Question 311 pts
Atoms that have either a positive or negative charge are known as:
ions |
magnetic |
lacking nuclei |
electrically neutral |
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Question 321 pts
An atom with an unfilled outer energy level (electron shell) is likely to be:
inert |
unable to form bonds with other atoms |
reactive |
extremely stable |
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Question 331 pts
All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions. This is known as
metabolism |
homeostasis |
heredity |
cellular organization |
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Question 341 pts
Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the five basic properties shared among living organisms?
made of one or more cells |
grow and reproduce |
posses DNA |
need oxygen to survive |
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Question 351 pts
CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) in the stratosphere cause:
global warming due to increased CO2 |
increase ozone levels by converting O2 to O3 and decreasing UV passage to Earth. |
act as a catalyst to destroy ozone increasing UV passage to Earth. |
increased ice crystal formation that cools the earth. |
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Question 361 pts
The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring is known as:
heredity |
homeostasis |
complexity |
movement |
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Question 371 pts
Alcoholic fermentation occurs in muscle cells of the human body.
True |
False |
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Question 381 pts
If carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, how many electrons must it have to be electrically neutral?
3 |
36 |
6 |
12 |
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Question 391 pts
The loss of an electron is known as _______; the gain of an electron is known as ________.
reduction; oxidation |
transduction; adduction |
oxidation; reduction |
removal; addition |
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Question 401 pts
Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.
True |