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March 19 , 2014 - ENV1000 Lecture
3 WAVES OF FEMINISM
- First wave (19 century): gradual politicization of women during other struggles.
Suffragettes – women as people, citizens with the right to vote
- Second wave (1960s-1980s): beyond basic rights; unequal laws and other inequalities
Betty Friedan, the feminine mystique (1963)
nd
- Third wave/new wave: 1990s-? critique of 2 wave for its exclusions – race, class,
developed
Outcome: Beijing Plan of Action
only data about women was when they were giving birth
up until about 10 yrs ago info about women before were taking from men about 25 yr old
men
Body/Nature
- are we our bodies?
- our bodies are our closest environment; also called our “primary environment”
- various aspects: our phenomenology, our sense of “self”, social expectation, physical
selves
- can we change our selves (e.g. our gender) ?
-things that alienate our self from ourselves: pain, suffering, age, alienation, ecstasy,
sense of self.
Vertical bias:
Heaven – reason – controlled – male - God
Nature – emotion – wild – female – hell
Professor Deirdre – was Donald McCloskey
in economics profession
Ecofeminism
“An ecofeminist ethic is both a critique of male domination of both women and nature
and an attempt to
- commitment to the historic interconnections of domination- begins with women and
sex/gender analysis and calls attention to the exploitation of all “others” (human and nonhuman
alike)
- special focus on the environmental impacts on, struggles of women
- has evolved into support for various forms of “queer ecology”
Liberal Ecofeminism, social ecofeminism, third world (post colonial) ecofeminism Environmental Impacts
In poorest countries, women walk 4-10 miles a day for water, 26% of the day, 40 billion working
hours in Africa each year
water weight commonly 20 kilos
rd
Different environmental impacts (esp. 3 world)
- women exposed to house hazards (
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