ENVS 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Printed Circuit Board, Backplane

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ENVS 1000 Tutorial 18 Notes Bus Interfaces
Introduction
Bus interfaces expand the flexibility of the system bus architecture by converting the
format of the bus signals from one bus to another so that different types of buses can
be used together.
These other bus types can then be used to connect to specific devices, such as disks or
terminals.
The ability to interconnect buses makes it possible for the system designed to optimize
each I/O function for maximum speed and flexibility.
As well as to maximize overall system performance.
It also makes possible the design and use of industry standard buses on equipment of
different vendors.
The use of standard system buses generally simplifies the purchase, setup, and proper
operation of peripherals from multiple vendors by allowing the connection of I/O
devices that have been standardized across a wide range of equipment types and
manufacturers.
This is a major aspect of the concept of open architectures.
In most computer systems, the CPU, memory, and other major components are
mounted to wiring on a printed circuit board known as a motherboard.
A photograph of a recent motherboard.
The wiring on the motherboard interconnects all of the peripheral cards that are
plugged in to connectors, together with circuitry that steers I/O to the CPU and
memory.
In general, this arrangement is known as a backplane.
A predominant example of a backplane bus is the PCI-Express bus, used to plug in
various peripherals in a personal computer. Each peripheral has its own address.
The wiring in this configuration carries data, addresses, control signals, and power for
the peripheral cards.
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