ENVS 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Messenger Rna, Transfer Rna, Nucleoid

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orangesquirrel133

17 Apr 2019

School

York University

Department

Environmental Studies

Course

ENVS 1500

Professor

Lewis Molot

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Document Summary

Lecture 5: cell structure and metabolism: cells. The smallest unit with the properties of life such as self-organization and self-replication. The difference between a nucleoid and a nucleus is that although both contain the. Dna, the nucleus has a membrane that keeps the dna molecules from the other parts of the cell, while the nucleoid has no boundary and is just where dna is concentrated. Both have plasma, a region where dna is stored (nucleoid/nucleus), and cytoplasm. A prokaryotic cell only contains one dna molecule and forms no chromosomes. Chromatin, which is only found in eukaryotic cells, are proteins and dna that condense into chromosomes during cell division. Ribosomal rna or rrna becomes ribosomes which is where protein synthesis happens: all organic compounds begin with the manufacture of proteins. Golgi body looks like the wi-fi symbol or layers of lasagna, it finishes the proteins and lipids from the er and packages them into vesicles.

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Please answer the following three essay questions.

All living cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have thefollowing cell structures: plasma membrane, cytosol, ribosomes, andat least one chromosome. Choose any one of these. Describe itsbasic structure (including molecular composition) as well as thefunction. Explain why a cell could not exist without thefunction(s) performed by this cell structure.
Cells can be categorized as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.Only bacterial cells are prokaryotic. For question two, answer anyone of the following comparison questions. Be sure to compare bothmolecular (physical) structure and function in each answer.
1. Compare the nucleoid area (prokaryotic) to a nucleus(eukaryotic)? How do they differ; how are they similar?
2. Compare the bacterial flagellum (prokaryotic) to an animal cellflagellum (eukaryotic)? How do they differ; how are theysimilar?
3. Compare a bacterial cell wall (prokaryotic) to a plant cellwall (eukaryotic)? How do they differ; how are they similar?
Eukaryotic cells (in plants, animals, fungi, and algae) arebigger than prokaryotic (bacterial) cells. This bigger size allowseukaryotic cells to have more structural complexity.

Choose any one of the following eukaryotic cell structures for ashort essay:

Mitochondrion
Cytoskeleton
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Chloroplast (found only in photosynthetic cells)

In your answer, describe its basic structure (includingmolecular composition) as well as the function. Why is the functionimportant to keeping the cell alive?
Provide references in APA format. This includes a reference listand in-text citations for references used throughout theassignment.

cerisemanatee852

i need help with this homwork please choose the correct answers and just be claer to read and understand for the slect the apply qusestions too and it is important i realy need the right answers so please be claer not write randomly i really need the correct answers to study for my test so hop you can help me

Question 1

What is the smallest cell you could find?

Question 2

TEMs appear as 3D images

True

False

Question 3

Bacteria are what cell type? Write one word as the answer in lowercase and using no syntax.

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Question 42 pts

ALL eukaryotic cells have which of the following. Click all that apply.

membrane enclosed cell organelles

mitochondria

Question 5

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have which if the following cellular components. Click all that apply.

Question 6

I am made of one 60s and one 40s subunit, which organelle am I?

protein

lipid

bacterial ribosome

Question 9

The difference between the rough and smooth ER is

the rough produces lipids where as the smooth does not

the rough has many folds and convolutions where as the smooth does not

the rough has ribosome embedded and the smooth does not

the rough is closer to the cell membrane whereas the smooth is closer to the nucleus

Question 10

The site where many lipids, including cell membrane is produced.

Question 11

Name the organelle: In muscle cells in particular, I would increase in number and size in response to frequent exercise

Question 12

In animal cells, glucose would be mobilized from its storage molecule (glycogen) in this part of the cell.

Question 13

Which of these is associated with the rough ER

production of carbohydrates

production of steroid hormones

production of ATP

production of proteins that are secreted from the cell

Question 14

Which organelle sorts, modifies and stores substances produced on the rough ER. Write two words as the answer in lower case separated by a space.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production. Write one word in the singular as the answer.

Question 16

You inherit all of your mitochondria from your

father

half from your mother and half from your father

your siblings

mother

Question 17

An organelle that contains chlorophyll

Question 18

Microtubules have a variety of roles, which of the options below is NOT one of them?

separate chromosomes

cilia and flagellum movement

tracks for organelle movement

constrict the cell during cell division

Question 19

Made of tubulin subunits

microfilaments

chromosomes

intermediate filaments

microtubules

Question 20

Name the part of the cytoskeleton that is made of two twisted rods of actin. Write one word as the answer in lower case.

Question 21

Which part of the cytoskeleton is made of the same protein as your hair and nails?

microfilaments

microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

The extracellular matrix is found outside of, but attached to the cell membrane?

True

False

Question 23

Which of the options below is an important function of the extra cellular matrix?

connecting cells together

regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

helping cells divide into two cells

keeping the cell in a fixed and ridged shape

Question 24

Which part of the cell wall has a high pectin content?

Question 25

Plants have mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and nuclei.

True

False

Question 27

What accounts for 40% of the protein in our bodies?

Question 28

Animal cells have cell walls

True

false

45. The phospholipids of the plasma membrane are_____________________.

A) Hydrophobic

B) Hydrophilic

C) Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic

D) Uncharged

48. The plasma membrane is _________________________.

A) Completely permeable

B) Impermeable

C) Selectively permeable

D) Found only in eukaryotic cells

49. Meiosis results in ________________________.

A) 2 haploid daughter cells

B) 2 diploid daughter cells

C) 4 haploid daughter cells

D) 4 diploid daughter cells

52. If a thousand offspring of a cross have the genotype Aa, theparents of the cross can be symbolized as:

A) AA x aa

B) Aa x Aa

C) Aa x aa

D) AA x Aa

54. The replication of DNA_________________________________________.

A) Produces RNA molecules

B) Produces complementary new strands of DNA

C) Produces two DNA molecules, each of which is half-new andhalf-old

D) Generates excessive DNA, which eventually causes the nucleusto divide

55. Information stored in DNA is transferred from the nucleus tothe cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells in the form of______________________.

A) DNA

B) RNA

C) Lipids

D) Proteins

6.) A nitrogen atom that has no charge has five protons and________________electrons

10.) Organic compounds consist mainly of_______________atoms

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ENVS 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Messenger Rna, Transfer Rna, Nucleoid

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