GEOG 1410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Visible Minority
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
GEOG 1410
November 16, 2017
Toronto: World in a City/City in a World?
Diversity in Toronto
● In terms of people and geographies of the landscapes.
● What is Multiculturalism? (MC)
● MC as an Official Policy in Canada
● MC as practice
Marc Leman (1999)
● Descriptively (sociological fact)
● Prescriptively (as political ideology)
● Political perspective (as policy)
○ How does the state define it through its policies/programs
○ Policy is not always given, it is political
● Set of Intergroup dynamics (as process)
○ In terms of relationality how does it work
● Diversity and Inclusion…. Critical MC
MC Developmental Phases
● Incipient (pre 1971)
○ Canadian Citizen Act (1947)
○ A time of gradual movement of acceptance of ethnic diversity
○ Reflected in Canada’s political, social, and economic institutions
○ All citizens were defined as British citizens
○ Particular British imagination of what society should be
○ After WW2 massive influx of immigrants from Europe
● Formative (1971-1981)
○ Integration and not assimilation
○ Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (1971)
○ Multicultural Directorate (1972) to assist in the implementation of multicultural
policy
○ Ministry of Multiculturalism (1973) - slow flow of visible minority immigrants
○ Race relations - removing the racially discriminatory barriers
● Institutionalization (1982-present)
○ Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
■ Preservation and enhancement of Canadian values
■ No discrimination
○ Multicultural Act (1988)
Immigrants primarily focused on the urban destinations.
The city of Toronto very much celebrates itself as a city of diversity and strength.
Document Summary
In terms of people and geographies of the landscapes. Mc as an official policy in canada. How does the state define it through its policies/programs. Policy is not always given, it is political. In terms of relationality how does it work. A time of gradual movement of acceptance of ethnic diversity. Reflected in canada"s political, social, and economic institutions. All citizens were defined as british citizens. Particular british imagination of what society should be. After ww2 massive influx of immigrants from europe. Royal commission on bilingualism and biculturalism (1971) Multicultural directorate (1972) to assist in the implementation of multicultural policy. Ministry of multiculturalism (1973) - slow flow of visible minority immigrants. Race relations - removing the racially discriminatory barriers. The city of toronto very much celebrates itself as a city of diversity and strength. Racial segregation and ethnic enclaves in urban canada. On racism on the labour market and its impacts. Bad medicine - death, disease and racism.
