HRM 3450 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Dennis Ritchie, Mit Computer Science And Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Multics
5 May 2018
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HRM 3450 Tutorial 1 Notes – Multi-programming
Introduction
• A simple form of multiprogramming that made it possible to load several jobs into
memory, so that other jobs could use the CPU when one job was busy with
input/output.
• By this time, disks were also becoming available, and the system was capable of reading
cards onto disk while the CPU executed its jobs
• Thus, when a job completed, the operating system could load another job from disk into
memory, ready to run.
• This improved the OS scheduling capability.
• JCL is still used for batch processing!
• The enormous success of the IBM OS/360 and its successors firmly established the basis
of an operating system as a fundamental part of the computer.
• In 1962, a group at MIT known as Project MAC introduced the concept of time-sharing
with an experimental operating system called CTSS.
• Project MAC was one of the seminal centers for the development of computer science.
• Shortly thereafter, MIT, Bell Labs, and GE formed a partnership to develop a major time-
sharing system.
• The system was called MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service)
• Although MULTICS never fully realized its dream of becoming a major computer utility,
many of the most important multitasking concepts and algorithms were developed by
the MULTICS team.
• It was supplied for many years as the operating system for Honeywell computer
systems.
• When Bell Labs withdrew from the MULTICS project, Ken Thompson, a MULTICS
researcher, turned to the development of a small personal operating system, which he
called Unics, later UNIX, to contrast it from MULTICS.
• He was later joined by Dennis Ritchie.
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