HUMA 1825 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Dependent And Independent Variables

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4 Apr 2016

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Large numbers of people are engaging in group activities and relationships that are different from those in which they or their parents engaged in previously. Marxist analysis: that law is a vehicle through which a dominant class works society. The perspective from a functionalist is that social change leads law. Law is determined by the sense of justice that they exist in society and the moral sentiments of society. Bentham: law can and should lead society. Legal reforms should respond to new social needs and restructure society. The purpose of law is to create the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Therefore, the law should intervene to make positive changes in society to deliver the most good to the most number of people. Bentham has a lot of confidence in the power of law (positive expectations) Examples that show definite limits to legal interventions in social relations:

Related Questions

There are sometimes conflicts within the same code, between the code and the __________ and between the code and a counselor's value system.

		Judgment
		Ethics
		Law
		Value

2 points

Question 2

Section A of the ACA Code of Ethics highlights important issues within the __________________________________.

		Privacy Act
		Confidentiality Act
		Professional's Responsibility
		Counseling relationship

2 points

Question 3

______________________ in a code sometimes lag behind the values of society and of professional associations.

		Laws
		Attitudes
		Values
		Beliefs

2 points

Question 4

Which section was added to the latest edition of the ACA Code of Ethics (2014)?

		Resolving Ethical Issues
		Advocacy and Social Justice
		Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media
		Research and Publication

2 points

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the ethical "hot spots" identified in this chapter?

		Gatekeeping
		Social and Cultural Issues
		Informed Consent
		Technology

2 points

Question 6

Which of the following is not a type of ethical decision-making model discussed in the text?

		Problem-solving model
		Advocacy model
		Social constructivist model
		Developmental model

2 points

Question 7

_______________ has to do with protecting the independences, self-determination and freedom of choice for client.

		Nonmaleficence
		Beneficence
		Justice
		Autonomy

2 points

Question 8

People who have this view of the world, see things in black and white, are very concrete, rigid, and authoritarian.

		Dualistic
		Modern
		Post-modern
		Flexible

2 points

Question 9

Which section of the ACA Ethical Code (2014) offers guidelines on how to report an ethical violation?

		Section B
		Section I
		Section E
		Section A

2 points

Question 10

.__________ is the responsibility under the law for a violation of federal or state criminal statute.

		Beneficence
		Nonmaleficence
		Civil liability
		Criminal liability

2 points

Question 11

To prove that they are following the best practices of their professions, counselors should:

		Know relevant laws
		Maintain good records
		Stay professional with clients
		All of the above.

2 points

Question 12

______________ is the most rigorous form of credentialing.

		Accreditation
		Licensure
		Certification
		Registration

2 points

Question 13

Theories help counselors and other helping professionals in the following way(s):

		conceptualizing clients' problems
		necessary to become a licensed psychotherapist
		offer specific techniques to apply
		both a and c

2 points

Question 14

What is a paradigm shift?

		A change like a universe.
		A change in the way information is perceived.
		A change in theory.
		A change in human nature.

2 points

Question 15

Do psychodynamic theories consider which of the following to be important in understanding a person's functioning?

		Child-rearing practices
		The unconscious and conscious
		Examining the past
		All of the above

2 points

Question 16

Sigmund Freud was trained as a:

		Physician
		Counselor
		Caseworker
		Social worker

2 points

Question 17

Freud believed that there are ____________ structures that make up personality.

		1
		2
		3
		4

2 points

Question 18

Freud, and later his daughter Anna Freud, identified a number of _______________ that help people to cope with anxiety.

		Defense skills
		Coping mechanisms
		Coping skills
		Defense mechanisms

2 points

Question 19

___________ believed that each of us has a unique psychological type which includes the attitudes of extraversion and introversion.

		Freud
		Rogers
		Jung
		Cattell

2 points

Question 20

_______________________ believed that every child was born with innate and unique capabilities and is inherently moving toard the future, not determined by the past.

		Adler
		Freud
		Rogers
		Jung

2 points

Question 21

Existential-humanistic approaches embrace a phenomenological perspective, stressing all but which of the following?

		The subjective reality of the client
		the role of the unconscious
		How the counselor uses his or her personal qualities in counseling
		the importance of consciousness and/or awareness

2 points

Question 22

Although Ludwig Binswanger is generally acknowledged as being the first existential therapist, who is seen as the person who popularized this approach through "logotherapy"?

		Irvin Yalom
		Carl Rogers
		Alfred Adler
		Viktor Frankl

2 points

Question 23

____________________ developed client-centered therapy.

		Carl Jung
		Viktor Frankl
		Carl Rogers
		Ludwig Binswanger

2 points

Question 24

Today, most Gestalt therapists believe that from birth, the individual is in a constant state of ______________ through a process of need identification and need-fulfillment.

		Self-regulation
		Self-actualization
		Existential crisis
		Emotional distress

2 points

Question 25

This therapy was developed by Albert Ellis during the 1950s.

		Psychodynamic therapy
		Behavioral therapy
		Cognitive therapy
		Rational emotive therapy

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QUESTION 32

What did the old tort theorists conclude was the overriding question that the âold lawâ asked, in accord with their assumptions regarding it?

		How did one know when a customer must be identified as the recipient of the costs?
		How did the parties agree to allocate the costs of the accident?
		How would a party know when it would have to pay uncovered liabilities?
		How would a party know in what cases it was supposed to insure itself?

0.5 points

QUESTION 33

Huber discusses âthe Founders,â meaning:

		The original theorists of ecology
		The Founding Fathers
		The founders of modern tort law
		The first moral theorists

0.5 points

QUESTION 34

A crucial case for Huber is the defective Shopsmith in:

		Posner
		Greeman
		Prosser
		Calabresi

0.5 points

QUESTION 35

Why does Dowie think that Fordâs cost-benefit analysis is a moral problem?

		It places a dollar value on human life.
		It is dishonest and includes lies about the Pinto's safety.
		It shows that Ford made the Pinto unsafe on purpose.
		Dowie doesn't actually think that Ford was morally wrong.

0.5 points

QUESTION 36

Werhaneâs main point about the Pinto case is that:

		Ford was completely innocent of wrongdoing.
		A powerful narrative like Dowieâs article can bring the truth to a wider audience.
		Ford was completely responsible for the deaths caused by Pintos.
		A powerful narrative like Dowieâs article can skew our perception of the facts.

0.5 points

QUESTION 37

Thomson considers this rule: liability is to be shared between the actual harm-causer and anyone else who acted:

		Reasonably
		Justly
		Negligently
		Defensively

0.5 points

QUESTION 38

Thomson outlines three things a plaintiff must show in order to win his case. All of the following are discussed EXCEPT:

		The plantiff suffered from harm or loss.
		An act or omission of the defendant caused the harm or loss.
		The defendant is at fault in so acting or refraining from acting.
		None of the above.

0.5 points

QUESTION 39

Ciulla contends that the failure of leaders:

		Can be excused.
		Are often exaggerated.
		Seem more "extravagant" than those of nonleaders.
		Carry more "weight" than those of nonleaders.

0.5 points

QUESTION 40

Ciulla argues that American writers used to pay more attention to the moral virtues of leaders than to:

		Their chiseled features.
		Their personality traits.
		Their victories and successes.
		Their hopes and dreams.

0.5 points

QUESTION 41

Ciulla points out that while history portrays many leaders as winners, what is rarely questioned?

		The intentions of the leader.
		The ideological motives.
		The needs of the leader.
		All of the above.

0.5 points

QUESTION 42

Which is the area in which leaders must be more âmeticulous,â according to Ciulla, than ordinary people?

		Consistency
		Truthfulness
		Legal Record
		Personal Relationships

0.5 points

QUESTION 43

We often characterize leaders, in Ciullaâs view, according to what?

		Their ability to stay out of conflict.
		Their ability to benefit the most people.
		Their ability to lead.
		Their ability to bring about change.

0.5 points

QUESTION 44

Robinhoodism is what, for Ciulla?

		Stealing from the poor and giving to the middle class.
		Leading a brand of social "rebels" motivated by social privileges.
		A type of Machiavellianism.
		All of the above.

0.5 points

QUESTION 45

When Machiavelli uses the metaphor of âthe lion,â he is referring to what?

		Destroying the strategy of an opponent.
		Courage.
		Using fear as a weapon.
		Using love to motivate one's soldiers.

0.5 points

QUESTION 46

According to Machiavelli, when âa Prince is with his army, and has many soldiers under his command,â he needs a certain reputation to keep his command together. He needs a reputation for:

		Kindness
		"The Beast"
		Cruelty
		Morality

0.5 points

QUESTION 47

Is it better to be loved or feared, according to Machiavelli, and why?

		Feared, because that depends on the Prince and the people.
		Loved, because that depends on the Prince alone.
		Loved, because that depends on the Prince and the people.
		Feared, because that depends on the Prince alone.

0.5 points

QUESTION 48

Machiavelli insists that the Prince should âdo his utmost to escapeâ:

		Harm
		Power
		Enemies
		Hatred

0.5 points

QUESTION 49

Machiavelli would argue that for the Prince, lying is:

		Never expedient.
		Always wrong.
		Always good.
		Sometimes necessary.

0.5 points

QUESTION 50

Ludwig and Longenecker use the story of David and Bathsheba as a lesson in what, as it applies to being in a position of leadership?

		Success
		Chastity
		Temptation
		Delegation

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HUMA 1825 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Dependent And Independent Variables

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