KINE 3000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: External Validity, Body Image, Influence Of Mass Media
13 May 2018
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External validity: the extent to which results can be generalized within the real world.
Generalizability of intervention. Implementation of intervention. Follow-up. We all want some
external validity, but be cautious about over-generalizing.
Analyzing and Interpreting Results:
- Researchers must be cautious to avoid over-generalizing results. Remember correlation
does not equal causation!
- Interpret results to: support or refute hypothesis, compare with other research, theories or
other sources of information
Effect Size:
- Quantifies the SIZE of the difference between two means. EXAMPLE: exercisers vs.
non-exercisers
- Importance and meaning of an effect: scientifically and practically
- COHEN’S D (you won’t need to know how to calculate it)
- EFFECT SIZE: small~0.2, medium~0.5, large ~0.8
Why do we conduct research in exercise psychology?
- Body dissatisfaction almost as common among men as women
What is body image?
Perceptual dimension: how you “see” yourself. Perception is not reality.
Cognitive dimension: what you think about your body. Function and appearance.
Emotional dimension: Positive and negative feelings you have in relation to their body's
appearance and function. E.g., pride, shame
Behavioural dimension: Behaviours that reflect positive or negative feelings
Checking behaviour, dieting, standing tall, wearing loose clothing
Body image formation and disturbance
- Changes in body reality
- Media influence
- Cultural influences
- Activity participations
Effect Size
•Cohen’s d =
Mean 1 –Mean 2
SDpooled
*Units are Standard Deviations
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
External validity: the extent to which results can be generalized within the real world. We all want some external validity, but be cautious about over-generalizing. Researchers must be cautious to avoid over-generalizing results. Interpret results to: support or refute hypothesis, compare with other research, theories or other sources of information. Quantifies the size of the difference between two means. Importance and meaning of an effect: scientifically and practically. Cohen"s d (you won"t need to know how to calculate it) Effect size: small~0. 2, medium~0. 5, large ~0. 8: cohen"s d = Body dissatisfaction almost as common among men as women. Cognitive dimension: what you think about your body. Emotional dimension: positive and negative feelings you have in relation to their body"s appearance and function. Behavioural dimension: behaviours that reflect positive or negative feelings. Checking behaviour, dieting, standing tall, wearing loose clothing. Definition of physical activity: any bodily movement that results in an increase in energy expenditure.
