Lecture – November 29, 2013
Muscles Lower Limb
Hip Flexor/adductors
- Adductors muscle – origin pubic bone
- They are flexors and adductors
- Exception – Adductor Magnus Muscle
o The short fibers will pass in front of the hip
flex the hip
o Inferior fibers goes way down to the distal end of the femur
Extensors of the hip same as the hamstring muscles
- Adductor magnus
o Hip extensor
o Lower fibers were they attach, its posterior to hip articulation
- Power movements – functions of the muscles
o Hip extension, knee extension, plantar flexion of the ankle
o Preparation: Hip flexion, knee flexion and dorsal Flexion
- Gluteal Muscles
o Muscles involved in the back of the hip
o They are involved in the extension of the hip
o As I go into hip flexion, it gets a little bit longer – in order to generate more force,
so when you start power movement you get more movement
o Posterior definition
o Glueteus maximus (superficial), gluetus medius (underneath), gluteus minimus
(underneath)
- Glueteus Maximus
o Origin is the posterior crest of the illum and the sacrum
o Runs down and inserts back of the femur
o Lateral side of the knee– illotibial tract all the way down to the tibia o This muscle will pull back – contributes to the extension of the hip
o Only involved in the power activity
o 45 degree of flexion
o Example, high running, lifting, cycling
o When you are walking – very little gluteus maximus involved
- Glueteus medius & gluteus minimus
o Underneath the glueteus maximus
o Origin the posterior crest of the illum and the sacrum
o Runs straight down to insert on the top of the femur – greater trochanter
o Primary function – abduction of the femur
o Strong and powerful muscles
o Example it would be used in, ballet, swimming (whip kick), kick boxing, ice
skating
o It’s not a power movement cause we don’t use it that much
o When you shift from one leg, it should collapse, but it doesn’t because the
gleuteus medius/minimus contracts and keeps the rest of the pelvis constant
o Pelvic girdle stabilizers
Hamstring muscles
- Extensors of the hip
- Biarticular
- They cross the hip and the knee (back)
- Powerful muscles
- In terms of the power movement – involved in hip extension
- Involved in flexion of knee (not power movement)
- Origin (need to know) – iliac tuberosity
- There are three of them
o Two medial, one lateral o Semitendinous (medial) , semimembranosus (medial) and biceps femoris
(lateral)
o Has a long head and short head
Long head – origin common origin ischium passing down to the
medial/lateral side
Short head – origin back of the femur and passes down
o You can differentiate them quite easily
- Semimembranosus – has membrane most medial
- Semitendinous – feels like has the most tendons
- Lateral side – biceps femoris
Gracilis Muscle
- Long muscle
- Medial muscle on the thigh
- Pubic crest to medial tibia
- Only bi articular abductor
Hip lateral Rotators
- There is a whole bunch of them
- Piriformis- Story
o You find this a lot in dancers, cause they laterally rotate their femurs in the first
position
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