LING 1000 Lecture Notes - Universal Grammar, Linguistic Prescription, Linguistic System

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Language: representational system used to express meaning/thought. Linguistic grammar: over is the set of rules / constraints that a speaker uses to combine, interpret and enunciate to show a speakers knowledge of a language. Words that can"t be broken down: simple words; words that can be broken down: complex words: sounds -> words -> meaningful elements (like languages) Components of the linguistic grammar: phonetics: sounds (physical, phonology: pronunciation (rules, morphology: formation of words i. e. plurals, syntax: sentence structure, semantic: interpreting words and sentences. Prescriptive: essentially intended to normalize language, try to regulate linguistic behaviour, goal is to render a language dead . Descriptive rules: describe systematic properties of actual usage. Is an actual statement that takes place i. e. subjects come before verbs or the deter- miner comes before the noun: without overt instruction (school) we can learn descriptive rules of language; whereas prescriptive rules need overt instructions.

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