NATS 1660 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Electron Shell, Covalent Bond, Electronegativity
Document Summary
Nats 1660 lecture september 16th, 2016. Atoms" electrons fill up the outermost valence shell. 3rd shell also contains four orbitals (holds max. Covalent bonds = the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms: strong, with hydrogen -> an arm of one atom can reach out and grab an arm of another atom. H-h (h2): with oxygen -> 2 arms instead of 1, each of which can bind with an arm of another atom. Then, there are 2 bonds instead of 1. O-o (o2): with water -> hydrogen as 1 atom (arm), and oxygen has 2 atoms (arms), so there are 3 bonds. If almost fill - tendency to attract electrons. If almost empty tendency to give up electrons: attractiveness of an atom to electrons = electronegativity -> it is a measure of the. Hydrogen bonds: weak electrical attraction, when h is covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom, ex: water molecules (h bonded to o).