NATS 1775 Lecture 5: NATS 1775 UNIT 5
25 Jun 2018
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First industrial Age
First Industrial Revolution
starts in England in 1780s
England undergoing large population growth: 5.5M at end of 17th century; by end of 18th
population is 9M
More people means new technology to help develop a growing population.
Development of new technologies and methods of production created to help sustain growing
population
major changes include a shift to machine production, machines operated by water and steam
power, factory system of production, new methods of communication and transportation, and
new forms of managing labor
this increased growth in the British economy also led to creation of new technologies that
helped eliminate “bottlenecks” that were limiting trade and growth of industry in fields like iron
making, spinning and weaving, mining, transportation
example: roads not suited for increased transportation of bulk goods like coal; leads to
construction of new water routes (canals)
Features of the Industrial Revolution
i. New Energy Sources
Natural resources were becoming increasingly expensive so…
One major development in first industrial age is shift from renewable to non-renewable energy
sources. Wood is a renewable energy source that was used for centuries but it was increasingly
becoming scarce thanks to rising population and greater land use . Considered renewable
because trees can be replanted.
Wood was increasingly replaced with things like coal and oil. Due to the development of steam
engines coals were used a lot.
Steam Engines
Factory System
Although factory system is an important feature of industrialization, it is important to remember
that this method of production was just of one many; shop or household based centers of
manufacturing remained popular in many areas
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