PHIL 2075 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Divine Command Theory, Cultural Relativism, Deontological Ethics

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blushbadger810

16 Oct 2011

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Class 1 - 7 ethics toolkit lecture 2 theory. Good = god approves: the divine command theory, actions are right because god commands them. God could have chosen anything, he commanded them. No other standard for good except god"s choice, god doesn"t have basis to choose love over hate, no independent reason to choose one over the other. If there were an independent reason, good would equal something else. Wouldn"t just be god approves, ethics is arbitrary because god commands them: god command actions because they are the right things to do. Other standard of goodness that exist in the world. What that standard is that god relies on to command us. Doesn"t explain why they are good, god would just command things that are already good. The divine command theory serves as a signpost of good, points towards what"s good. Would have to reject this definition of the good that which god commands or approves us to do.

Related Questions

1.Two uncharged, conducting spheres, A and B, are held at rest oninsulating stands and are in contact. A positively charged rod isbrought near sphere A. While the rod is in place, the two spheresare separated. How will the spheres be charged, if at all, afterthey are separated?
Sphere A Sphere B
(a) positive positive
(b) positive negative
(c) negative positive
(d) negative negative
(e) zero zero

2. A charged conductor is brought near an uncharged insulator.Which one of the following statements is true?
(a) Both objects will repel each other.
(b) Both objects will attract each other.
(c) Neither object exerts an electrical force on the other.
(d) The objects will repel each other only if the conductor has anegative charge.
(e) The objects will attract each other only if the conductor has apositive charge.

3. An electron is moved from point A, where the electric potentialis VA = â240 V, to point B, where the electric potential is VB =â360 V. What is the change in the electric
potential energy?
(a) 1.92Ã10â17 J (b) 2.04Ã10â17 J (c) 5.75Ã10â17 J (d) 8.98Ã10â17 J(e) 1.05Ã10â16 J

4. A -2q charge is located a distance d to the right of a +4qcharge, along the x
axis. At which point (or points) along the axis does the electricfield go to zero? To
solve this problem, consider an observer at point P, which is anarbitrary distance x from the +4q charge. Find the value (orvalues) for x (in terms of the separation distance d) where thetotal electric field vanishes.
(a) The electric field is never zero in the vicinity of thesecharges.
(b) The electric field is zero at x = -0.328d.
(c) The electric field is zero at x = +4.22d.
(d) The electric field is zero at both x = -2.26d and x =+2.26d.
(e) The electric field is zero at x = +3.41d.

5. point A is a distance L away from a point charge Q. Point B is adistance 4L away from Q. What is the ratio of the electrostaticpotential at B to that at A, i.e., what is VB/VA?
(a) 1/16
(b) 1/9
(c) 1/4
(d) 1/3
(e) can not be determined without specifying Q and L

6. Which one of the following statements best explains why it ispossible to define an electric potential
in a region of space that contains an electric field?
(a) Work must be done to bring two positive charges closertogether.
(b) Like charges repel one another and unlike charges attract oneanother.
(c) A positive charge will gain kinetic energy as it approaches anegative charge.
(d) The work required to bring two charges together is independentof the path taken.
(e) A negative charge will gain kinetic energy as it moves awayfrom another negative charge.

a.) A hockey puck is observed to be sliding along a flatfrictionless surface at a speed of 4 cm/min. There is no net forceacting on the puck. Assuming it doesn't smash into anything, howfast will the puck be going 17 min later?
cm/min

b.) An object is accelerating. Which one of the followingstatements is true?
The object must be speeding up.
Gravity must be causing the object to accelerate.
The object must be changing directions.
The object must be slowing down.
There is a net force acting on the object.

c.) A 100 kg block weighs 220 lb on Earth. If the block weretransported to a planetary body that had a smaller free fallacceleration (as compared to Earth), which one of the followingwould be true?
The block would have the same weight and a smaller mass.
The block would have the same mass and a bigger weight.
The block would have the same mass and the same weight.
The block would have the same weight and a bigger mass.
The block would have the same mass and a smaller weight.
d.) What does it mean (in physics) to say that a quantity isconserved?
It means that the quantity is not being used.
It means the total amount is zero.
It means the total amount never changes.
It means it's being saved up.

e.) At a certain point in time, the total energy of a closed systemis observed to be 176 J. Which one of the following statements istrue?
Three hours later the energy of the system is 352 J.
Four hours later the energy of the system is 88 J.
All of the energy must be kinetic if the objects are moving.
Twelve hours later the energy of the system is 176 J.
Some of the energy must be potential.

g.) Which of the following statements are impossible? Choose allthat apply.
The parked truck had 8770 J of KE.
The scooter had 0 J of KE and 0 kgÂ·m/s of momentum.
A ball moving in a circle had 0 N of net force acting on it.
A box had an acceleration of 0 m/s2 while a net force of 311 Nacted on it.
Jack exerted 18 N of force due east on a cart. As a direct result,the cart exerted 18 N of force due west upon Jack.
A toothpick exerts a smaller gravitational force upon the Moon thanthe Moon exerts upon it.

a.) Two balls make up a closed system. Ball A has 701 J of energyand ball B has 78 J. After they collide, ball A has 665 J. How muchenergy does ball B have after they collide?
J

b.) An asteroid and a comet collide head on. Prior to thecollision, the asteroid has a momentum of 700,000 kgÂ·m/s up and thecomet has a momentum of 800,000 kgÂ·m/s down. After the collisionthe asteroid has a momentum of 750,000 kgÂ·m/s down. After thecollision, what is the comet's momentum?
kgÂ·m/s
North
South
East
West
Up
Down
Left
Right
No direction because the comet has stopped

c.) How much does a 28 kg object weigh on Moon? Please feel free toreference the Solar System Data table located at the beginning ofUnit II.
______N

d.) A 660 N net force acts on a 42 kg object. Determine theobject's acceleration.
_____m/s2

e.) Calculate the gravitational force between a 657 kg object(resting on Earth) and the Moon. The mass of the Moon is 7.347Ã1022kg and the distance between the object & the Moon is 3.844Ã108m.
____N

How fast can a racecar travel through a circular tum without skidding and hitting the wall? The answer could depend on several factors:

The weight of the car;
The friction between the tires and the road;
The radius of the circle;
The “steepness” of the turn.

In this project, we investigate this question for NASCAR racecars at the Bristol Motor Speedway in Tennessee. Before considering this track in particular, we use vector functions to develop the mathematics and physics necessary for answering questions such as this.

A car of mass m moves with constant angular speed to around a circular curve of radius R (Figure 3.20). The curve is banked at an angle . If the height of the car off the ground is h, then the position of the car at time t is given by the function

As the car moves around the curve, three forces act on it: gravity, the force exerted by the road (this force is perpendicular to the ground), and the friction force (Figure 3.21). Because describing the frictional force generated by the tires and the road is complex, we use a standard approximation for the frictional force. Assume that for some positive constant . The constant is called the coefficient of friction.

Let denote the maximum speed the car can attain through the curve without skidding. In other words, is the fastest speed at which the car can navigate the turn. When the car is navigate at this speed, the magnitude of the centripetal force is

The next three questions deal with developing a formula that relates the speed to the banking angle .

Now that we have a formula relating the maximum speed of the car and the banking angle, we are in a position to answer the questions like the one posed at the beginning of the project.

The Bristol Motor Speedway is a NASCAR short track in Bristol, Tennessee. The track has the approximate shape shown in Figure 3.22. Each end of the track is approximately semicircular, so when cars make turns they are traveling along an approximately circular curve. If a car takes the inside track and speeds along the bottom of turn 1, the car travels along a semicircle of radius approximately with a banking angle of . If the car decides to take the outside track and speeds along the top of turn 1, then the car travels along a semicircle with a banking angle of . (The track has variable angle banking.)

The coefficient of friction for a normal fire in Elly conditions is approximately . Therefore, we assume the coefficient for a NASCAR tire in dry conditions is approximately .

Before answering the following questions, note that it is easier to do computations in terms of feet and seconds, and then convert the answers to miles per hour as a final step.

11. Suppose the measured speed of a car going along the outside edge of the turn is . Estimate the coefficient of friction for the car’s tires.

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PHIL 2075 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Divine Command Theory, Cultural Relativism, Deontological Ethics

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