PHIL 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Conditional Sentence, Material Conditional, Propositional Calculus
9 May 2016
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Document Summary
To infer is to draw conclusions from premises. An argument is a collection of statements, one of which is the conclusion, and the remainder of which are the premises. In an argument, the premises are intended to support (justify) the conclusion. A statement is a declarative sentence; a sentence that is capable of being true or false. Inductive logic: investigates the process of drawing probable (likely, plausible) though fallible conclusions from premises; investigates arguments in which the truth of the premises makes likely the truth of the conclusion. Deductive logic: investigations arguments in which the truth of the premises necessitates the truth of the conclusion. If an argument is deductively correct, then it is also inductively correct. The converse is not true: not every inductively correct argument is also deductively correct. Note that although an argument may be deductively incorrect, it may still be a reasonable argument that is inductively correct.
