PHIL 2240 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ex Nihilo, Qualia, Solipsism
Document Summary
Everything has a mind or a mind-like aspect. Some versions of panpsychism: limited panpsychism: mind is a fundamental aspect of some portions of reality, biopsychism: mind is a fundamental aspect of all living reality. [being sufficiently analogous in structure and behaviour with human beings is having perception, memory, and will. [follows from (2), (3), and (4)] (6) therefore, mind is a fundamental feature of the world. [3] the evolutionary argument (1) natural traits evolved gradually. (2) mentality is a natural trait. (3) mentality evolved gradually. [follows from (1) and (2)] (4) if a trait evolved gradually, either it was always present in the history of evolution, or there was a stage at which an organism with that trait developed from one without it. Phil 2240 (5) either mentality was always present in the history of evolution, or there was a stage at which an organism with mentality developed from one without mentality.
