PSYC 2030 Lecture Notes - Epidemiology, Causal Model, Summary Statistics
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Randomized controlled experiments are not always possible. Prospective data often used in longitudinal research, defining characteristic of which is that individuals are observed and measured repeatedly through time. Framingham heart study (longitudinal observational investigating that was started by the u. s. Retrospective data data that are collected back in time (i. e. fast food data chart, shows what many people ate past tense, and which of them got food poisoning) Challenge would then be to try to emulate the casual reasoning of mill"s methods in order to arrive at causal hypotheses that are as sound as possible within the limitations of the retrospective database. What"s more intriguing though is that everyone who reported eating a rare hamburger got sick; no one did not get sick that ate one. Consider how bacteria may not have been killed in a rare hamburger this seems to be the surface cause.