PSYC 3170 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Pituitary Gland, Type A And Type B Personality Theory, Hans Selye
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Published on 28 Jan 2013
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Lecture 5
January 31st, 2012
1
Placebo Effect
- People get better without active ingredient in the medication (ex: saline solution)
- Parkingson disease: thought given dopamine treatment, but instead given saline solution
- Anti-depressants vs placebo – placebo (32%) helped more than anti-depressants (24%)
- Back pain: 1 given fake acupuncture, 1 given acupuncture, 1 given standard therapy
o Fake and real acupuncture reduced 2x pain
- Fake pills: 1 costs more, 1 costs less
o Costs more pill patients got better
- Told placebo: patients told taking placebo pills to relieve bowel system (59% works)
o They got better because they expected it to get better, they’re paying attention it
o Given explicit instructions on how/when to take it
What is the Placebo Effect?
- The expectation that the treatment might get you better – has lots to do with classical conditioning
How might it work?
- Conditioned by the culture that the pill will make you better
Prevalence of Depression
- Depression = common cold of mental illness, so many people have it
- 20% depression symptoms and not getting help
- Supervisors are responsible that the workers are fit to work (physically / mentally)
- Slide 8: participants asked if in any time did they experience depression for 2 weeks
o Women doubled the rate
o Culture accepts women to have depression than men do
- Slide 9: participants asked if in any time did they experience alcohol abuse
o Men rated higher than women
o Some of these males might experience depression but mask it by alcohol abuse/violence
Financial Costs of Depression
- Depressive people have my heart disease; commit suicide (15%)
- People are depressed have several times of rate of heart disease than others (related to stress)
- Depression feeds on itself
o Depressed mood cognitive/behavioural consequences (easily distracted, feel bad) negative
experiences (losing job, fighting with spouse) self-focus and self-blame
- Depression associated with low level of serotonin (neurotransmitter) in the body
o When try to deal with, uses more of these neurotransmitter, makes it harder
Observable Signs of Depression
- Mask of depression = people are depressed often and don’t show much emotion in their face, monotone
- Drowsiness at work = have problem sleeping, don’t have much energy
- Eating = put on or lose weight, bring their lunch but don’t eat it
- Hostile/impatient behaviours = they have problem dealing with things, cant handle things well
Observable Effects of Antidepressant Medication
- People believe they are going to work, so these medications work