PHCY219 Lecture Notes - Caulobacter Crescentus, Gram Staining, Helicobacter Pylori

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violetwhale688

12 Aug 2013

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Lecture 4 cell structure and function of prokaryotes. Need to learn about bacterial cell structure and function so that we can understand pathogens and normal microflora. Phylogenetics = study of evolutionary relationship (evolutionary tree). Three branches 1) bacteria 2) archaea 3) eukarya. Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes: prokaryotes don"t have nuclei; usually they have a chromosome (circular). Archaea and bacteria look the same, but they are distantly related. Has organelles: ribosomes, golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria. A chromosome is present; it is not in a true nucleus. Plants chloroplasts vs. mitochondria in other species. Proteobacteria gram ve bacteria = salmonella and e. coli. Staining can differentiate between gram ve and gram +ve organisms. After alcohol is introduced, only gram +ve cells are stained. At the last stage of this procedure gram ve cells are pink due to safranin. Gram +ve bacteria have peptidoglycan layer which is thicker than gram ve. So when crystal violet is present, it"s harder for it to leave again.

Related Questions

21) Which of the following is not primarily used for attachment?

A. glycocalyx

B. flagella

C. pili

D. fimbria

E. S layer

30) You have isolated DNA from an E. coli bacteria. The DNA would originate from what structures? (CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. inner plasma membrane

B. mitochondria

C. microcompartments

D. nucleus

E. plasmids

31) Many cellular reactions require multiple enzymes. For efficiency, bacteria will package these enzymes together within:

A. fimbria

B. inclusion bodies

C. lysosomes

D. microcompartments

E. vesicles

32) Why can archaea be considered a separate domain from bacteria?

(CIRCLE ALL THAT APPLY)

A. Archaea ribosomal structure and protein synthesis are similar to eukaryotes.

B. They exhibit a novel method of DNA compaction.

C. Like eukaryotes, they contain simple, membrane-bound organelles.

D. Their cell walls are composed of different substances than bacterial or eukaryotic cell walls.

E. They contain a circular chromosome.

33) How are eukaryotic flagella different from bacterial flagella?

A. They are much bigger in size.

B. They move in a whip-like fashion, as opposed to a circular fashion.

C. They are covered by the plasma membrane.

D. A & B only

E. all of the above

36) The primary function of of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is:

A. aerobic respiration

B. the breakdown of phagocytized material

C. assembly of ribosomal subunits

D. polysaccharide and lipid modification of proteins

E. protein synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted proteins

PHCY219 Lecture Notes - Caulobacter Crescentus, Gram Staining, Helicobacter Pylori

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