Biology is the natural science that involves the study
of life and livingorganisms, including their physical
and chemical
structure, function,development and evolution.[1] Modern
biology is a vast field, composed of many branches. Despite
the broad scope and the complexity of the science, there are
certain unifying concepts that consolidate it into a single,
coherent field. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the
basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity,
and evolution as the engine that propels the creation of
new species. It is also understood that all organisms survive
by consuming and transformingenergy and
by regulating their internal environment.
Sub-disciplines of biology are defined by the scale at which
life is studied, the kinds of organisms studied, and the
methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the
rudimentary chemistry of life;molecular biology studies the
complex interactions among biologicalmolecules; cellular
biology examines the basic building-block of all life,
the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical
functions oftissues, organs, and organ
systems; ecology examines how organisms interact in
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