ECON-200 FA4 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Diminishing Returns, Marginal Revenue, Opportunity Cost

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17 Jan 2016

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Cost of producing one more unit of a good. Each product has the same price as the last. Found by dividing total cost by the quantity of output. Fixed costs + variable costs + opportunity cost. Marginal revenue curve is below the demand curve. Firms will prduce at an output which is less than the output of min atc. Characteristics: a lot of firms: each has a small percentage of the total market, differentiated products: variety of the product makes this model different from pure competition model. Product differentiated in style, brand name, location, advertisement, packaging, pricing strategies, etc: easy entry or exit.

Related Questions

A firm is producing where its marginal costs are at the lowest level. What can one most likely infer from this? a. there is either lost opportunity for further profits by producing more, or the firm should shut-down if it is competitive and price is at that low level. b. It is a price-taker who is producing too much. c. It is a monopolist who is producing the socially optimal quantity. d. The firm is producing rationally.

6. A single-price monopolist sets price a. where MR=demand. b. where supply=demand c. from the demand curve at the quantity for which MC=MR. d. where MR=MC.

7. Assume that the Law of Diminishing Marginal Product applies at the current output level of a competitive firm. The price is $20 and, at the current output level, marginal cost is $16 and average total cost is $20. To maximize profits the firm should: a. produce the current output level, since average revenue (price) = average cost. b. produce more since marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost at current output. c. produce less since marginal revenue is always below average revenue. d. any of the above is possible, without further information.

8. Which of the following statements is true? (i) When a competitive firm sells an additional unit of output, its revenue increases by an amount less than the price. (ii) When a monopoly firm sells an additional unit of output, its revenue increases by an amount less than the price. (iii) Average revenue is the same as price for both competitive and monopoly firms. a. (i) only b. (iii) only c. (i) and (ii) d. (ii) and (iii)

9. If a firm in a competitive market triples the number of units of output sold, then total revenue will a. more than triple. b. less than triple. c. exactly triple. d. All of the above are potentially true.

10. When a competitive firm makes a decision to shut down, it is most likely that a. marginal cost is above average variable cost. b. marginal cost is above average total cost. c. price is below the minimum of average variable cost. d. fixed costs exceed variable costs.

1.Profit maximizing firms should increase output to the point where:

a.Total revenue is largest

b.Total revenue just exceeds total costs

c.An increase in revenue is just offset by an increase in cost.

d.Fixed costs are covered

e.Total cost is minimized

2.The Golden Rule of Output Determination for a perfectly competitive firm is to:

a.Choose the output rate at which price is greatest.

b.Choose the output rate at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost.

c.Produce to the point of diminishing marginal returns

d.Produce until total revenue exceeds total cost.

e.Choose the output rate at which total cost is the lowest.

3.Which of the following conditions would indicate that a perfectly competitive firm should expand output to increase its profit?

a.Marginal cost equals average cost

b.Total cost exceeds marginal cost

c.Price exceeds marginal cost

d.Total revenue exceeds total costs

e.Total revenue equal price

4. It would not pay a firm to produce anything in the short run if the price were:

a.Above average total costs

b.Equal to marginal cost and above the average variable cost.

c.Equal to total revenue divided by output

d.Below average variable cost

e.Below marginal average cost

rubydolphin297

TRUE OR FALSE

____ 16. The law of diminishing marginal returns provides an explanation for why Average Cost eventually increases as output is expanded in the short run.

____ 17. The marginal product is the increase in output per additional unit of input.

____ 18. As output increases, marginal cost increases, reaches a maximum, and then falls.

____ 19. The marginal product curve rises when the marginal cost curve rises.

____ 20. If a firm is producing an output level at which marginal revenue exceeds marginal cost in the short run, the firm will increase profits by reducing its output level.

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ECON-200 FA4 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Diminishing Returns, Marginal Revenue, Opportunity Cost

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