BIO-2600 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Electrochemical Gradient, Semipermeable Membrane, Lipid Bilayer

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Selective of the molecules that can or cannot pass through them. The amphipathic nature of membrane lipids make an enclosed bilayer the most energetically favorable conformation. Membranes proteins called transporters and channels facilitate the movement of molecules across the membrane. Each membrane type has its own characteristic set of transport proteins. Each transport protein has its own selectivity for the molecule(s) that pass through it. Transporters discriminate on the basis of those molecules that can specifically bind to them. If there is binding, then there can be transport. Channels discriminate on the basis of size and charge. When open, only molecules small enough and appropriately charged pass through. The result of random molecular movement across a semipermeable membrane in response to existing electrochemical gradients: diffusion always occurs down an electrochemical gradient, the rate of diffusion depends on the membrane permeability (size, polarity) of the molecule.

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