BIO-1801 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Theodor Boveri, Walter Sutton, Blending Inheritance

32 views7 pages

blacksardine951

14 May 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Mendel and the Gene

Chapter 14

Introduction: Gregor Mendel worked out the rules of inheritance through a serious of

experiments on garden peas. Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri proposed the chromosome

theory of inheritance. Asserted that genes are located on chromosomes. Linked inheritance to

meiosis.

I. Medel’s epeietal sste.

A. Two hypotheses had been formulated

1. Blending inheritance- Parental traits blend so that their offspring have

intermediate traits.

2. Inheritance of acquired characteristics-Parental traits are modified through use

and then passed on.

B. The Pea Garden served as the First Model Organism in Genetics. Mendel chose peas

because he can control which parents were involved in a mating. Have several

polymorphic traits that occur in two or more forms. Mendel studies 7 observable

characters(traits) that had two different forms (variants) of garden peas. He did NOT

know about chromosomes; did not know about genes (characters) have two or more

variants (alleles)

C. Mendel controlled mating through self-fertilization (self-pollinate) or can perform a

cross (cross-pollination)

D. What taits did Medel stud? A idiidual’s oseale featues opise its

phenotype. Medel’s pea populatio had to distit pheotpes fo eah of the

seven traits. Mendel worked with pure lines which produced offspring identical to

themselves when self-fertilized. He used these plants to create hybrids. He mated

two different pure lines that differed in one or more traits.

E. Medel’s epeiets ith a sigle tait

a) Mating parents with two different phenotypes for a single trait is called a

monohybrid cross.

➢ The adults in the cross were the parental generation

➢ The offspring are the F1 generation Fist filial

➢ Next generations are F2,F3, etc.

II. The Monohybrid Cross

A. Mendel crossed plants with round seeds and plants with wrinkled seeds.

a) All of the F1 offspring had round seeds

b) Result contradicted the hypothesis of blending inheritance.

c) The genetic determinant for wrinkled seeds seemed to have disappeared.

B. Mendel allowed the F1 progeny to self-pollinate

a) The wrinkled seed trait reappeared in the F2 generation.

find more resources at oneclass.com

Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-2 of the document.
Unlock all 7 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

III. Dominant and Recessive Traits

A. Mendel called

a) The genetic determinant for wrinkled seeds recessive.

b) The determinant for round seeds dominant.

B. Mendel repeated these experiments with each of the other traits. In each case, the

dominant trait was present in a 3:1 ratio over the recessive trait in the F2 generation.

C. Medel’s Hpothesis That pea plats tasitted distit uits o eleete i

predictable ratios. hat he alled eleete is hat e o ko of alleles of

genes.

IV. Medel’s hpothesis of Particulate inheritance

A. Medel’s esults ee iosistet ith leded iheitae ad auied

characters. He proposed a hypothesis of particulate inheritance.

a) Hereditary determinants do not blend or change through use. They act as

discrete, unchanging particles.

V. Genes, Alleles and Genotypes

A. Hereditary determinants for a trait are called genes

find more resources at oneclass.com

Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-2 of the document.
Unlock all 7 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Document Summary

Introduction: gregor mendel worked out the rules of inheritance through a serious of experiments on garden peas. Walter sutton and theodor boveri proposed the chromosome theory of inheritance. Mendel chose peas because he can control which parents were involved in a mating. Have several polymorphic traits that occur in two or more forms. Mendel studies 7 observable characters(traits) that had two different forms (variants) of garden peas. Me(cid:374)del"s pea populatio(cid:374) had t(cid:449)o disti(cid:374)(cid:272)t phe(cid:374)ot(cid:455)pes fo(cid:396) ea(cid:272)h of the seven traits. Mendel worked with pure lines which produced offspring identical to themselves when self-fertilized. He mated two different pure lines that differed in one or more traits: me(cid:374)del"s e(cid:454)pe(cid:396)i(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts (cid:449)ith a si(cid:374)gle t(cid:396)ait, mating parents with two different phenotypes for a single trait is called a monohybrid cross. The adults in the cross were the parental generation. The offspring are the f1 generation (cid:894)(cid:862)fi(cid:396)st filial(cid:863)(cid:895)

Related Questions

If an organismâs diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism?

	A.	512
	B.	9
	C.	18
	D.	128
	E.	36

At the end of metaphase I, _______________ separate.

	A.	sister chromatids
	B.	germ cells
	C.	homologous chromosomes
	D.	haploid chromatids
	E.	centrioles

Mendel observed that dominant traits

	A.	are seen in all of the F1 hybrid pea plants in his experiments.
	B.	are expressed in all plants.
	C.	were absent in the F1 generation of pea plants that he used in his experiments.
	D.	were the only traits seen in the F2 generation of pea plants in his experiments.
	E.	are only expressed in hybrids.

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from cytokinesis in animal cells because

	A.	there is no difference.
	B.	in plant cells, the cell plate must also divide into two parts.
	C.	the contractile protein, actin, is important only in plant cells.
	D.	plant cells have a rigid cell wall.
	E.	a contractile ring forms only in plant cells.

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

	A.	complete dominance
	B.	incomplete dominance
	C.	codominance
	D.	multiple alleles
	E.	recessive dominance

Which of the following statements is true:

	A.	The dominant allele is masked in homozygous dominant individuals.
	B.	With recessive genetic disorders, if both parents are carriers, the offspring will all be affected.
	C.	In carriers, the recessive allele causes an intermediate phenotype.
	D.	In recessive genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.
	E.	With dominant genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.

Skin cancers typically develop in the

	A.	upper layers of the epidermis.
	B.	lower layers of the dermis.
	C.	subcutaneous layer.
	D.	lower layers of the epidermis.
	E.	upper layers of the dermis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is inherited from an X-linked recessive allele. What is the probability that a son with Duchenne MD inherited this disease from his biological father?

	A.	1/2
	B.	0
	C.	1/16
	D.	1/4
	E.	1/8

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

	A.	genotype.
	B.	heterozygosity.
	C.	phenotype.
	D.	filial.
	E.	dominance.

What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers?

	A.	chromatin
	B.	kinetochore
	C.	MPF
	D.	centromere
	E.	cyclin

If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleus has disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cells is in

	A.	telophase.
	B.	anaphase.
	C.	interphase.
	D.	metaphase.
	E.	prophase.

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

	A.	he examined and analyzed both the F1 and F2 generations.
	B.	he studied the parental plants to determine their differences.
	C.	he decided to only look at his results in an objective manner.
	D.	he studied a trait that had a strange inheritance pattern.
	E.	pea plants have genetics different from other organisms.

Tall corn plants (T) are dominant to dwarf plants (tt). Solid green leaves (G) are dominant to leaves with a white tip (gg). A cross between two corn plants yielded the following phenotypes: 51 tall plants with a white tip on their leaves; 43 dwarf plants with solid leaves; 48 dwarf plants with white tips on their leaves; 45 tall plants with solid leaves. What are the genotypes of the parents that produced these plants?

	A.	None of the above
	B.	TtGg x Ttgg
	C.	ttGG x TTgg
	D.	TtGg x TtGg
	E.	TtGg x ttgg

In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the

	A.	superwoman echidna.
	B.	mutant superman.
	C.	sonic hedgehog.
	D.	mutant mole rat.
	E.	superhero aardvark.

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

	A.	segregate from each other during meiosis.
	B.	must always be the same allele.
	C.	separate from each other during mitosis.
	D.	will both wind up in either the sperm or egg.
	E.	move together as a unit during meiosis.

In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?

	A.	metaphase and telophase
	B.	anaphase and metaphase
	C.	interphase and telophase
	D.	interphase and prophase
	E.	metaphase and prophase

Consider two traits for an organism, determined by two genes, each of which is governed by at least two alleles. In the case of a dihybrid individual, the gametes formed will be of either the parental type or the recombinant type. Recombinant type gametes are formed because of

	A.	the principle of dihybrids.
	B.	multiple alleles.
	C.	heterozygosity.
	D.	incomplete dominance.
	E.	independent assortment.

An allele is

	A.	an alternate form of a gene.
	B.	always recessive.
	C.	the main factor determining a trait.
	D.	always one of a pair.
	E.	the dominant form of a gene.

After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are

	A.	spindle fibers.
	B.	kinetochores.
	C.	chromatids.
	D.	chromatin.
	E.	centromeres.

Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called

	A.	egg cells.
	B.	somatic cells.
	C.	germ cells.
	D.	stem cells.
	E.	basal cells.

If an organismâs diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that organism?

	A.	512
	B.	9
	C.	18
	D.	128
	E.	36

At the end of metaphase I, _______________ separate.

	A.	sister chromatids
	B.	germ cells
	C.	homologous chromosomes
	D.	haploid chromatids
	E.	centrioles

Mendel observed that dominant traits

	A.	are seen in all of the F1 hybrid pea plants in his experiments.
	B.	are expressed in all plants.
	C.	were absent in the F1 generation of pea plants that he used in his experiments.
	D.	were the only traits seen in the F2 generation of pea plants in his experiments.
	E.	are only expressed in hybrids.

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from cytokinesis in animal cells because

	A.	there is no difference.
	B.	in plant cells, the cell plate must also divide into two parts.
	C.	the contractile protein, actin, is important only in plant cells.
	D.	plant cells have a rigid cell wall.
	E.	a contractile ring forms only in plant cells.

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of inheritance?

	A.	complete dominance
	B.	incomplete dominance
	C.	codominance
	D.	multiple alleles
	E.	recessive dominance

Which of the following statements is true:

	A.	The dominant allele is masked in homozygous dominant individuals.
	B.	With recessive genetic disorders, if both parents are carriers, the offspring will all be affected.
	C.	In carriers, the recessive allele causes an intermediate phenotype.
	D.	In recessive genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.
	E.	With dominant genetic disorders, the mother and/or father of an affected individual must also be affected.

Skin cancers typically develop in the

	A.	upper layers of the epidermis.
	B.	lower layers of the dermis.
	C.	subcutaneous layer.
	D.	lower layers of the epidermis.
	E.	upper layers of the dermis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MD) is inherited from an X-linked recessive allele. What is the probability that a son with Duchenne MD inherited this disease from his biological father?

	A.	1/2
	B.	0
	C.	1/16
	D.	1/4
	E.	1/8

The genetic makeup of a particular trait in an individual is its

	A.	genotype.
	B.	heterozygosity.
	C.	phenotype.
	D.	filial.
	E.	dominance.

What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers?

	A.	chromatin
	B.	kinetochore
	C.	MPF
	D.	centromere
	E.	cyclin

If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and the nucleus has disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cells is in

	A.	telophase.
	B.	anaphase.
	C.	interphase.
	D.	metaphase.
	E.	prophase.

Gregor Mendel was successful in his analysis of the genetics of pea plants because

	A.	he examined and analyzed both the F1 and F2 generations.
	B.	he studied the parental plants to determine their differences.
	C.	he decided to only look at his results in an objective manner.
	D.	he studied a trait that had a strange inheritance pattern.
	E.	pea plants have genetics different from other organisms.

	A.	None of the above
	B.	TtGg x Ttgg
	C.	ttGG x TTgg
	D.	TtGg x TtGg
	E.	TtGg x ttgg

In humans, a gene that has been identified as causing a type of skin cancer is the

	A.	superwoman echidna.
	B.	mutant superman.
	C.	sonic hedgehog.
	D.	mutant mole rat.
	E.	superhero aardvark.

The segregation principle states that in sexually reproducing diploid organisms the two copies of each gene

	A.	segregate from each other during meiosis.
	B.	must always be the same allele.
	C.	separate from each other during mitosis.
	D.	will both wind up in either the sperm or egg.
	E.	move together as a unit during meiosis.

In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?

	A.	metaphase and telophase
	B.	anaphase and metaphase
	C.	interphase and telophase
	D.	interphase and prophase
	E.	metaphase and prophase

	A.	the principle of dihybrids.
	B.	multiple alleles.
	C.	heterozygosity.
	D.	incomplete dominance.
	E.	independent assortment.

An allele is

	A.	an alternate form of a gene.
	B.	always recessive.
	C.	the main factor determining a trait.
	D.	always one of a pair.
	E.	the dominant form of a gene.

After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are

	A.	spindle fibers.
	B.	kinetochores.
	C.	chromatids.
	D.	chromatin.
	E.	centromeres.

Special cells found in the gonads that give rise to gametes upon division are called

	A.	egg cells.
	B.	somatic cells.
	C.	germ cells.
	D.	stem cells.
	E.	basal cells.

BIO-1801 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Theodor Boveri, Walter Sutton, Blending Inheritance

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Concepts of Biology

Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIOL 1362 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Punnett Square, Dihybrid Cross, Mendelian Inheritance

BIOL 1107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 99: Gamete, Reciprocal Cross, Gregor Mendel

BIOL 1107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Theory X And Theory Y, Hypophosphatemia, Human Height

Related Questions