CSD-2260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Lumbar Vertebrae, Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae
16 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Anatomy of respiration- the exchange of gas between an organism and its environment: inspiration involves bringing oxygen to the body"s cell by breathing in, expiration involves eliminating carbon dioxide from the body"s cells by breathing out. Principles of respiration: air pressure is the force exerted on the walls of a chamber by molecules of air. Increase pressure by decreasing area: boyle"s law. As the volume of a container increases, air pressure within the contain decreases. Vertebrae numbered sequentially by section from superior to inferior. 5 sacral vertebrae compose sacrum (s1 to s5) C1- atlas uppermost supports skull roation. C2 axis supports skull pivot. Thoracic- basis for respiratory framework, attach to ribs. Lumbar, attachment for back and abdominal muscles, posterior fibers of the diaphragm. Sacral vertebrae- fused mass known as the sacrum. Pectoral/shoulder girdle- scapula and clavicle muscles: supports upper extremities. Provides an a frame to support the thoracic and back muscles.
