HIS-1700 Lecture 11: Making Europe notes march 9
Document Summary
Population growth (1700-1800, european population grew by nearly 50%. ) Agricultural revolution reduced cost & personnel and increased productivity of farming. Home-based production provided work and income for growing population. New forms of power and technology increased productivity and changed manufacturing environment. 18th-century culture favored learning, individual merit, application of science to technology, and progress. Consumer demand stimulated increased diversity and quantity of manufactured goods. Social system: emphasis on money & opportunity for social mobility. Technological innovation to improve extraction, production, & transportation. First appeared in britain in the 17th century. Spinning and weaving started as home-based industries (putting-out system). Factories built to protect trade secrets and concentrate production near power. 1787 edmund cartwright"s power loom: spinning. 1779: samuel crompton"s spinning mule: processing. 1793: eli whitney"s cotton gin: power. Factory system: workers gathered near large machines & power sources (rivers, 18th & early 19th centuries; steam after 1830).
