BIO 181 Lecture Notes - Lipid Bilayer, Phospholipid, Cholesterol

63 views1 pages

chocolatedolphin546

8 May 2014

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Became well known around 1981, proposed around 195. Carbohydrates form glycoproteins with membrane proteins, assist them with moving things. Cell membrane has everything to do with maintaining homeostasis. Regulates what"s getting in and out of the cell. Phospholipids form a bilayer in which a variety of proteins float. Fatty acid heads = hydrophobic; fatty acid tails = hydrophilic. Phospholipid bilayer is essential to function of the cell membrane. Fluid structure allows membrane to be flexible. Shorter fatty acids, unsaturated fats, and increasing temperatures increase fluidity of the cell membrane. Peripheral membrane proteins do not penetrate the bilayer (hydrophilic)

Related Questions

Hybridomas are the useful result of a fusion between _______________ and _________________ to obtain hybrid cells that can proliferate and produce _________________ against specific ________________.

	myeloma cells; B lymphocytes; monoclonal antibodies; epitopes
	myeloma cells; T lymphocytes; polyclonal antibodies; antigen
	T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes; monoclonal antibodies; antigen
	T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes; polyclonal antibodies; epitopes

With respect to mammalian cell culture, which of the following statements is true?

	Media used for cell growth contain proteases and a divalent cation chelator to help cells adhere to the surface.
	During the establishment of a cell line, senescence is the last stage of the cell's life.
	Rodent cells cultures undergo spontaneous transformation with similar frequency to human cell cultures.
	Embryonic cell lines do not undergo senescence nor do they have a finite life span.

Epithelial cells have distinct surfaces. Which of these surfaces tends to be involved in secreting proteins out of the cell and into the bloodstream?

	apical
	basal
	All of the answers are correct.
	lateral

Which of the following is NOT true of phospholipid bilayers?

		Phospholipid bilayers separate the cell from the exterior environment as well as from compartments within the cell.
		The interior of phospholipid bilayers is a highly hydrophobic environment.
		Membrane budding requires transient breakages in the bilayer membrane.
		The chemical properties of phospholipids lead to the spontaneous formation of bilayers.

Which of the following is true regarding membrane proteins?

		All peripheral membrane proteins contact the lipid bilayer by covalent attachment to the hydrophilic head groups on membrane lipids.
		Beta strands can assemble into a membrane-spanning barrel structure.
		Lipid-anchored membrane proteins always face the cell exterior.
		A protein with six hydrophobic helices is most likely a lipid-anchored membrane protein.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

		The three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the bilayer are acylation, prenylation, and ubiquitinylation.
		Movement of lipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the membrane bilayer requires specialized transport proteins called flippases.
		Glycoproteins are the basis for blood type compatibility between donor and receiver.
		Glycoproteins are always oriented so that the carbohydrate moieties are exoplasmic.

BIOL 110 Principles of Biology

1.Describe the structure of a plasma membrane.

2.Define an amphipathic molecule and give an example.

3.Explain the difference between integral and peripheral proteins.

4.Describe the fluid-mosaic model of a membrane.

5.Identify and discuss the function of proteins located in the plasma membrane.

6.Explain the difference between glycoproteins and glycolipids.

7.Why can carbon form chemical bonds with so many elements?

8.Explain the meaning of concentration gradient as it pertains to movement of substances into and out of cells.

9.Explain diffusion and osmosis.

10.What molecule is thought to facilitate the movement of water molecules through a plasma membrane?

11.Explain the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane. Provide examples that occur in the human body.

12.Explain the impact to a cell if placed in a hypertonic solution; include a definition of hypertonic solution and why the change occurs.

13.Identify a similarity and difference between facilitated transport and active transport. Do not state that both move substances across the membrane.

14.Explain the sodium-potassium pump and identify the type of membrane protein involved.

15.Identify and explain the process used by cells to secrete substances.

16.Explain the composition of a plant cell wall and how it differs from the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell.

17.Explain the plasmodesmata and identify the kingdom in which they are found.

18.Define energy and identify the two basic forms of energy.

19.Define entropy.

20.Define metabolism.

21.Explain the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions.

22.What are coupled reactions and what roles can ATP serve in these reactions?

23.Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions.

24.What is energy of activation?

25.What factors affect the speed of enzymatic reactions?

26.What is an electron transport chain?

27.What occurs at the active site of an enzyme?

28.Define enzymatic inhibition.

29.Define chemiosmosis.

30.Define vitamins and identify their function.

After working through the macromolecules in your friendâs extremely pale burrito, you look at her and think you might have an idea about what is going on. You ask Maria, âDo you usually eat like this?â âYup,â she says, âI love all the carbs, rice, and bread, as well as cheese. Sometimes I eat a piece of fruit or some carrot sticks. And energy drinks!â You then point out to your friend that she seems to be getting very little protein, a major class of macromolecules. But she is getting plenty of carbohydrates and lipids in the form of animal fats.

1. While your body can convert the monomers of macromolecules from one to the other, it has to have the raw materials in the form of the appropriate atoms. You explain to your friend that when she eats proteins, they are broken down into amino acids through the process of INSERT ANSWER and can then be rebuilt into new proteins through the process of INSERT ANSWER.

a. If your body does not take in protein, but only carbohydrates and lipids, what atoms will it be missing? Hint: There are two, and you can figure this out by comparing the structures of the monomers for proteins and carbohydrates as well as the basic structure of lipids. INSERT ANSWER

b. For the above atoms, how many electrons are in the outer shell? INSERT ANSWER

c. For the above atoms, what type of bond will they make within the amino acid monomer? INSERT ANSWER

d. Even if your friend does obtain the correct atoms, there are still a couple amino acids that your body cannot manufacture from scratch, but must be ingested. What are these amino acids? INSERT ANSWER

e.Why might a lack of protein or the wrong types of proteins lead to your friendâs fatigue? INSERT ANSWER

BIO 181 Lecture Notes - Lipid Bilayer, Phospholipid, Cholesterol

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Concepts of Biology

Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

Biology 2483A Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Immunology, Meiosis, Signal Transduction

Biology 1202B Study Guide - Final Guide: Reading Frame, Thymus, Sister Chromatids

BIOB10H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Fat, Integral Membrane Protein, Facilitated Diffusion

Related Questions