Summer is approaching and Steven and Sue Mahan have finally decided that their idea of a successful Southwestern furniture, art, and jewelry trading company has come of age. They know that summer is a popular tourist time in New Mexico and could be the best time to start this new business. The Mahans have had a long-time interest in Southwestern art and furniture. Steven graduated from college with an economics degree about 15 years ago and received his MBA in finance a few years later. He has been working in Dallas, TX, as the controller of a major wholesale distributor company for many years. His wife, Sue, who will be a full partner in the business, spent the first 10 years of her career in retail sales. Over the last several years, she has assumed more administrative duties for the group she works with.
Steven and Sue know they bring the expertise and skill to run a successful business, but to ensure success they have been researching the market for over five year's. They also know that they must be very careful and thoroughly research the business and industry they are pursuing. They have traveled extensively to New Mexico and have spent a good deal of time getting to know the local artists (primarily ski bums). They have found that there is a great demand for Southwestern furniture in Texas and the Southwest,
The Mahans have decided to open a shop called Southwest Trading Company in Taos, NM, and act as both a retailer and supplier to furniture and art outlets in Texas. Steven's extensive contacts with businesses in Dallas and Houston have given him the orders needed to make the business a success as soon as they begin shipping the goods. Sue has already begun marketing the Southwestern products. Southwest Trading Company's arrangements with the local craftspeople will allow very aggressive pricing of the goods to retail establishments in Texas. This aggressive pricing has been well received and tentative orders are already in place.
Steven has found an ideal location in Taos that is currently available. The owner is askÂing $275,000 for the space but Southwest Trading has a contract, contingent on financing, for $250,000. Steven and Sue have gotten bids on remodeling and should be able to renoÂvate the space for about $45,000. Although they will purchase the building, the land is leased on a transferable lease with 65 years remaining. The Mahans have decided to invest $235,000, which represents most of their savings, into the venture. Sue's sister is also interested in the possibilities that the company exhibits and is lending Southwest $90,000. Repayment on the note to Sue's sister is not expected to begin for five years. They have estimated that they will need $130,000 in inventory to start the business and they will buy the inventory in cash to build goodwill with the local craftspeople. They also estimate that they will need $20,000 in cash to conduct day-to-day operations and bill payment.
Wanting to use a local bank, Steven has approached Cary Farmer, the senior loan officer at Santa Fe National Bank in Santa Fe, NM, for financing. Steven's background in finance has allowed him to put together the following assumptions for their preliminary business plan. Steven believes that all renovations to the building and inventory can be in place by the end of June 2008.
Sales are expected to be a bit lower the first year (July through December, 2008), since only six months will be included in the first fiscal year. Sales are expected to gtow significantly in the first full year, 2009, with growth leveling oft in the third and fourth years. Sales are expected to be $275,000, $675,000, $800,000, and $900,000 in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Sales are expected to level off after 2011.
Based on tentative agreements and orders, it is expected that cost of goods sold will average about 63 percent of sales.
General and administrative expenses are expected to be $70,000 for the six months in 2008, increase to $100,000 in 2009, and level off at $120,000 from 2010 forward. The land lease expenses and interest expenses are included in operational expenses.
Selling expenses are expected to be about 12 percent of sales and Sue is expecting to undertake extensive marketing and promotion efforts throughout Texas after the busiÂness is opened. It is expected that these additional promotional expenses will be about $30,000 in 2008 only.
The company will use 10-year straight-line depreciation of the building and improvements.
Southwest's effective tax rate is expected to be 34 percent.
Since they expect a good deal of business to be paid by credit card and to ship goods to Texas on credit, they expect to carry about 48 days of accounts receivable. They also expect that, because of the type of business they are entering, they will turn their inventory over about three times a year.
On the basis of the negotiations they have had with their craftspeople, suppliers, and other wholesale distributors, they estimate that they can count on about 28 days of accounts payable to help finance the business.
In preparing to go to the bank for the necessary loan, the Mahans want to prepare proÂjected financial statements showing that Southwest Trading Company can make a profit and pay back the loan. They also want to know more precisely how much they will need to borrow from the bank to open the doors for business. The Mahans plan to prepare five years of balance sheet, income statement, and cash budget data for the bank. They must also develop an opening balance sheet as of the day they plan to open the doors, June 30, 2008. These pro forma financial statements will aid them, and the hank officer, in answerÂing many questions including the following:
How much financing will be needed to open the doors of the business in July 2008?
Five years of pro forma balance sheet and income statement data must be prepared to determine if additional financing is needed, and if so, how much. Steven's finance background tells him that the estimated financing needed each year will be an accountÂing plug figure to ensure that the balance sheet balances. If projected assets exceed liabilities and equity, the difference will be the bank's borrowing needs. If liabilities and equity exceed projected assets purchases, these funds will be used to pay off debt or increase cash or marketable securities.
Because this is a start-up business, it is even more important to identify what the loan proceeds will be used for, what the primary source of repayment is, and when the total loan proceeds will be repaid. Using the pro forma projections, the primary source of repayment and when the loan will be repaid can be determined.
A cash budget or cash-based income statement needs to be prepared because Steven knows the only thing that matters to the bank is cash.
Finally, Steven needs to prepare a collateral schedule. He knows that the banker does not want the collateral but will need all he can get if the business is not as successful as expected.
Prepare a list of questions to which you would need the answers. Be sure to explain the specifics of the questions as they relate to this case.
What types of loan covenants would you require?
Identify the bank's largest risks in making this loan.
How would you structure the loan to protect the bank?
What is your recommendation concerning the loan request?
Conduct the analysis suggested by the above questions. What is your recommendation concerning the loan request?
