BIO 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Lysosome, Golgi Apparatus, Vacuole

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mauvegoose38

14 Feb 2017

School

Ball State University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 111

Professor

Mager

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Document Summary

Nucleus of cell- most prominent organelle, usually near center of cell. Controls cell activities double membrane, nucleolus mrna is made in the nucleus and has to leave to go into the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. Ribosomes - non membrane bonding makes proteins consists of rna and proteins. Endomembrane system- as a system, used to synthesize and transport proteins metabolism and movement of lipids detoxify poisons. Endoplasmic reticulum [rough er- bound ribosomes stuck to it, makes proteins with sugars, glycoproteins. Production of secretory proteins, leave in transport vesicles] [smooth er- has nothing stuck to it, cannot make proteins. Lipid synthesis or membrane factory, detoxification of drugs and poisons, storage of calcium ions] lumen is the space between the loops of er membrane, protein is dumped here and this is where it folds into 3d shape. Golgi apparatus= stacks of flattened membranes, called cisternae.

Related Questions

1A. Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is/are correct? (select all that apply)

A.	Secreted proteins are inserted into the ER as they are being made by ribosomes.
B.	the nucleus is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers.
C.	"Free" ribosomes attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.
D.	Secreted proteins are moved from the ER to the Golgi by ribosomes

1B. Place these components of the endomembrane system into the correct order in respect to when they first function in the production of a secreted protein.

	Endoplasmic Recticulum (ER)
	Riibosome
	Nucleus
	Transport Vesicle
	Cell Membrane
	Golgi Apparatus

lilacgnat89

Complete the following sentences to examine various components of the endomembrane system.

Information within the ____________ is transcribed into mRNA and transported outside the nuclear envelope.

Proteins, which are synthesized by ____________ , are then released into the ____________ , where they are further folded and modified.

The ____________ does not have attached ____________ and produces lipids, such as steroids.

Once proteins are folded and modified, transport vehicles called ____________ pinch off and surround them with membranes to be transported elsewhere.

The vesicles are moved to the ____________ where they are sorted and packaged.

Transport vehicles called ____________ carry the macromolecules to the ____________ where they fuse and release their contents to the outside environment.

ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

vesicles

plasma membrane

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus

secretory vesicles

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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