PHYS 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Substantia Nigra, Central Nervous System, Neuromuscular Junction
19 Sep 2016
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Ion channels or second messengers: fast synapses activate ion channels, slow synapses activate second messengers, some neurotransmitters may activate both. Access acetylcholine is destroyed by acetylcholinesterase, terminating the transmission. Dopamine and parkinson"s disease: parkinson disease. Degeneration of dopamine producing neurons of the substantia nigra. Substantia nigra dopamine neurons inhibit basal ganglion activity. Loss of inhibition leads to involuntary muscle contraction. Presence of tremor of the hands and pill rolling motions of thumb and fingers. Nervous systems: central nervous systems (cns) Brain and spinal cord: peripheral nervous system (pns) Afferent division: information to the cns. Efferent division: instructions from the cns. Roles of the cns: regulate internal environment, emotions, movements consciousness, higher cognition. Microglia: immune defense cells, release toxic chemicals, phagocytes, may be involved in many neurodegenerative diseases. Ependymal cells: line the walls of the ventricles, for the specialized choroid plexus epithelium, secrete cerebrospinal fluid (csf)
