PSYC BC 1119y Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis, Glycogen
4 Nov 2015
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Glucose: principle sugar used by the body and brain for energy. Glycogen: a complex carbohydrate made by the combination of glucose molecules- used for short-term storage. Insulin: a pancreatic hormone that allows glucose to be used by tissues (except brain- brain can use glucose without insulin) and stimulates the storage of glucose to glycogen (this process is called glycogenesis) Glucagon: a pancreatic hormone that allows the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (this process is called glycogenolysis) Fat/adipose tissue: fats come from our diet and from excess sugars- used for long-term storage. Under conditions of long-lasting food deprivation, body fat is metabolized to create glucose (this process is called gluconeogenesis) Type 1 (or juvenile-onset diabetes): pancreas stops making insulin (auto-immune disorder) Type 2 (or adult-onset diabetes): can be both gradual decrease in insulin production and in insulin sensitivity- the system gets worn out- environmental influence (consuming too many glucose calories)
