PHI 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Immanuel Kant, Categorical Imperative, Act Utilitarianism
Document Summary
Virtue ethics: deontology: goodness consists of doing the right thing for the right reasons from with the right intentions (from duty, consequentialist: ends justify means (consequences alone matter) Utilitarianism: goodness consists in maximizing happiness/pleasure and/or minimizing pain/unhappiness for the relevant people equally considered except in so much as they promote utility for the relevant people equally considered except so much as they prome utility. Godwin: source of ethics-> maximizing pleasure of society. You can steal rule utilitarianism: stealing s awful; so don"t steal even if starving. More pleasure than pain -> do it (for society) You have obligation to follow no matter inclinations. [at first glance or at the face of it ] Independant duties = reason for moral action. Duties often conflict with one another: duty of justice. Do generosity or acts of kindness: self-improvement. If conflicting duties -> choose the one that is more pressing to pursue that.
