BIOL 3210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Thiolysis, Pyrophosphate, Hydrazine

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27 May 2017
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Reciprocally regulated same thing that activates one pathway, represses another. Breakdown pathway only occurs in the mitochondria and peroxisomes. Post-translational modification phosphorylase is phosphorylated: oxidized to create a carbon-carbon double bond, hydrate it, oxidize to a ketone, cleave that, generating an acetyl group, shorten the remaining chain. Opposite reaction: condensation reaction cleavage, activation of acetyl group to start, reduction, dehydrating to get rid of oxygen double bond, reduce. Before beginning to harvest energy from fatty acids, you have to activate acetyl-coa. Fatty acid + atp forms adenylated intermediate acyl coa and amp. This reaction can be irreversible by cleaving the pyrophosphate to 2 inorganic phosphates: makes the reverse almost impossible. Activation happens in the cytosol, but the breakdown happens in mitochondria/ peroxisomes. To get into the mitochondria, activated fatty acids have to be attached to carnitine. Swaps coa for carnitine and then it can move across, into the matrix, and then it is reconverted back into acyl-coa.

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