HIST1083 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Religious Conversion, Nativ, Atlantic World
Lecture 11.15.16 Colonization and Native Population
• Spanish Rule
o Shaped by Reconquista (expulsion of Moores from Spain), Reformation
o Centralized control
▪ Controlled from Madrid
o Military force
o Religious mission
▪ Save as many souls as possible
▪ Church hierarchy
o Fading by 1600s
▪ Spanish control in the New World fading
• English Rule
o More autonomous trade, agriculture
▪ Independent agriculture→no plantations, village with private tracts of land
o Matured when global market more advanced
o Religious conversion less central
▪ Predominantly Protestant→see world as the chosen and the
others→predestination
o Distant from Natives
▪ Spanish and Portuguese mix more with the native population in procreation and
interaction
• Atlantic Colonies, 1700
o New Spain established but Spain fading
o New France expansive but sparsely populated
o 13 English Colonies growing, based on trade, agriculture, relative autonomy
o Not a lot of conflict between the three empires because a lot of space between them
and many resources to take
• Drivers of Immigration
o Piecemeal
▪ Inconsistent
▪ Limit to the amount of people willing and technologically can take to New World
▪ Communication is limited, transportation is hard
o Changes in Europe
▪ Overpopulation→encouraged to go to foreign lands
o Opportunity
o Ties to England but conflicted
▪ Ties to England culturally and ethnically but conflicted (love/ate relationship)
• Failure: Roanoke, 1584
o Failed→small group of settlers that were poorly supplied
o Set up for success→Jamestown
o Cultural ties with the ENlgish
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▪ Identify as English→tough to shake off
• Colonial Push and Pull
o Encouragement to go to a place and not be scared to leave your home
o Push:
▪ Population growth in Europe
▪ Enclosure→attempt or legal mechanism that cuts off private ownership of land
in England for private ownership→fence off for own use→cuts off people, cant
get land
▪ Religious escape path
o Pull:
▪ Land
• Prosepec tof owning land, being your own boss, independence, being
away from tyrannical king
• Abundance of quality land in north America (more than in Britain)→vast
majority of people are farmers—land is the key to life
▪ Easy transport and communications
• Not necessarily relation to England—but compared to Spanish empire in
South Amreica—made land exploitation difficult
• English = small, close-knit, easier teasnsport thant th equivalent in
South/atin America
• New Enlgand Colonies
o Pilgrims
▪ James I
o Eglish otraditio
▪ Cultraully liked to Eglad ut a’t lie there eause they feel that their lies
are in danger
▪ Want to create perfect Christian society, utopian religious community
• Still needed to interact with real world, trade, etc.
• Have people in enw England that are not there for religious purposes
o Education
▪ Massachusetts Bay area was the most literate of the 13 colonies
▪ Set up universitites to guarantee the next generation of Puritan
leaders→Harvard
o Institutions
o Meership of the elet
▪ Universities inititally created to make sur ethat they are still at the top of the
social chain
• Pilgrims
o Radical group of Puritans
o Fled royal opposition and poor economic situation to Ne Eglad to uild godly
ouity
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