HIST 1084 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, 1918 Flu Pandemic
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Postwar Quest for Peace
• Wilson’s Fourteen Points
• Treaty of Versailles
• Ethnic Self-Determination
• Article 231: War Guilt Cause
• War Reparations
• League of Nations
War Legacy
• Armistice 11/11/18
• Immediate fighting finished
• Economically productive age of people decimated
• 16 million dead, 21 million wounded
• 1918 influenza killed 50 million more
• Environmental catastrophe
• From bombing
• Agriculture ruined
• $400 billion spent (2005 = $5 trillion)
• Four superpowers destroyed
• Ottoman, Germany, Russia, Austria
• PTSD, unproductive, injured, need care, frustrated
Big Brother
• Total war expanded government reach
• Taxation, rationing, direct payments
• US Espionage and Sedition Acts of 1917 & 1918
• Crime to criticize government
• For national unity
• Anti radical sentiment rises
• Everyone is a Communist? Mess with people’s mind
• Suspicion
• Fear of Russian revolution
• Who are they influencing?
German Weimar Republic
• 1918-1933
• November 1918: King abdicates, government resigns
• Moderate socialists in power
• moderate but fragile authority
• Who take control of republic
• Spartacist Uprising
• ‘Stab in the back’
• Idea that Germans can’t believe that germany lost the war
• Pessimism
France
• Main battleground
• Suffered most
• Brunt of German military
• Massive human losses (1.7m / 4.5%)
• Desperate to control Germany
• Desperate for revenge
Great Britain
• Losses (1m / 2.2%)
• Revenge on Germany
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