PB HLTH 162A Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Shiga Toxin, Binomial Nomenclature, Frameshift Mutation

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Lecture 1 (fenyong liu)- not on midterm 1. Key terms: binomial nomenclature, what defines a species, taxonomy significance & use of rrna, types of mutations, significance of mutations for bacteria, types of gene transfer (transformation, transduction, conjugation), bacteriophage, plasmids, pan genome. Taxonomy : science of classifying organisms according to 1. Infectious agents : bacteria, fungi, parasites (protozoans, helminths, viruses) Current improved method: use rrna to classify species. Originated from single common ancestor & function not changed over time. Large enough to have significant differences between species. Strains w/less than 97% similarity are different species (10^12 species of bacteria!) 3 domains: eukarya (w/fungi & protists), archaea, bacteria. Evolutionary trees used to map relationships of organisms. Point mutation: base substitution (silent - amino acid not changed; missense - 1 amino acid changed; nonsense - premature stop codon) Frameshift mutation: insertion/deletion of 1+ bases (change orf/alter all bases after) Transformation: naked dna fragments from environment (even dead bacteria); adds/recombines into host genome.

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