PHYS ED 32 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Body Mass Index, Body Composition, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
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18 Mar 2019
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Body Composition, Weight Management
Determining Ideal Body Weight -- People come in all different shapes and sizes
Original Body Compositions
● Endomorph: Predominance of digestive organs, soft rounded contours
● Mesomorph: Abundance of fat-free mass
● Ectomorph: Abundance of surface area: volume, possibly underweight
Defining Overweight and Obesity (Fig. 6.2)
● Overweight = Total body weight above the recommended range for good health; about
69% of Americans are overweight
● Obesity = An excessive accumulation of body fat; a more serious degree of overweight;
about 39.8% are obese with BMI 30 or greater
● The rate of obesity has almost tripled since 1960. (NCHS, 2014)
Body Mass Index
● Body Mass Index (BMI): A person’s weight should be proportional to height. BMI is
weight in kgs / ht in meters squared.
○ Acceptable = BMI 20-24.9 kg/㎡
○ Overweight = BMI = 25-29.9 kg/㎡
○ Obesity = BMI ≥ 30 kg/㎡
● Health Implications: (Fig 9.1)
○ As BMI increases, so does the prevalence of many chronic diseases such as
heart diseases, Type 2 diabetes, many cancers, hypertension, premature death.
● Moderate weight loss of 5-10% can have a positive impact on health.
Desirable Body Composition (Fig. 6.1)
● Essential fat for normal body function (Men 3-5%, Women 8-12%) + non-essential fat
for adipose storage. (Tbl 6.2)
○ A large part of everything that is not fat is like 75% water.
○ Fat floats & muscle sinks
Methods to measure % body fat
● Bod pod
Energy Balance (Fig. 9.2, Fig 9.3)
● Energy In
○ Food calories
● Energy Out
○ Physical activity 20-40%
○ Food digestion 5-15%
○ Resting metabolism 55-75%
Dietary induced thermogenesis (food management)