BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Kaic, Circadian Clock, Reca

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18 Oct 2016

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How to write a scientific abstract by patrick curtis. A scientific paper is broken down into 4 sections: introduction all the background knowledge on your topic necessary for the reader to understand the details of your research. The introduction has the general format of going from general to specific. Usually, the introduction ends in your hypothesis, or at least a statement of the questions your research intends to address: materials and methods a step-by-step description of the physical work that you have done. This is written paragraph style and does not include any results: results a plain description of what, exactly, your results were. Discussion as to what the results mean is not included here: discussion here, the results are discussed as to how they address your hypothesis/questions. The abstract is found at the beginning of the paper and is a general synopsis of the entire paper. The abstract must contain information from all 4 sections of the paper.

Related Questions

Article: Basal forebrain degeneration precedes and predicts the cortical spread of Alzheimerâs pathology

https://bbl.westfield.ma.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-1058990-dt-content-rid-12869706_1/courses/wsu_BIOL0333001_2018fall/Alzheimers.pdf

-Please do not use direct quotes from the article-

2. Hypotheses:

a) What are the hypotheses? (list all hypotheses proposed)

b) Is the reasoning behind the hypotheses explained? What is the logic behind each hypothesis?

3. Introduction:

a) Does the introduction provide appropriate background for the study? Why or why not?

b) Is the introduction missing useful information that would have been helpful? If so, explain. For example, did you have to look up any additional information?

c) Is the relevance of the work clear? What is the relevance of the work?

4. Methods:

a) Summarize the methods that were used.

b) Were the methods appropriate? {Was this the best way to test the hypotheses? Were there problems with the methodology (if so describe them)?}

5. Analysis:

a) Were there any problems with the data analysis, including use of statistics?

b) Did the authors present quantitative data in a clear way (use of graphs/tables)?

6. Your OWN assessment of the results:

a) List YOUR conclusions from the DATA presented?

b) Do you feel that the author's conclusions are reasonable and justified? If there are any problems with the authorâs conclusions, explain them.

c) Does the author ignore any aspects of the results?

7. Discussion:

a) Did the authors compare their results with previous published papers? If so, provide at least 1 example.

b) Are the implications of the results properly discussed (how do these results relate back to the âbig pictureâ of what is being studied)? What are the implications?

c) Are the conclusions clearly stated? If so, what are they?

d) In addition to what the authors discussed, what further studies would YOU find interesting to pursue?

8. Abstract (if there is one):

a) Does the Abstract really give an appropriate summary of the paper?

Could you please fill this out for Postpartum depression:

Directions

Write a research proposal using your clinical question formulated earlier in the course that was approved by your instructor. This may be either a qualitative or quantitative research proposal. Your proposal must include APA formatting. The proposal should be a 6â10 in length plus appendices cover page, and reference page. The appendices should include your survey instrument created in week 6. (week 7)

As you are writing your paper, use the below as your guideline. Make sure you use APA format for all aspects of the paper.

Introduction

â¢ Clearly stated problem and purpose of the study

â¢ Independent and dependent variables

â¢ Definition of terms

â¢ Assumptions, hypothesis, or questions (depending on research type)

Theoretical Framework

â¢ Description of the theoretical framework to be utilized

â¢ Identification of the concepts to be explored

â¢ Rationale for choosing framework

Review of the literature

â¢ At least 4 scholarly sources included

â¢ Appropriateness of the review and the proposal focus

â¢ Inclusion of primary or secondary sources

Methodology

â¢ Description of study type (quantitative or qualitative)

â¢ Description of study design

â¢ Rationale for the use of the selected design

â¢ Inclusion of sample size, type, sampling method, inclusion/exclusion criteria, setting, data collection method (instrument), and data collection process

â¢ Method for Protection of Human Subjects (consent)

â¢ Questionnaire and consent forms must be included as appendices

Data Analysis

â¢ Data analysis method is appropriate for study design.

â¢ Method of data analysis is clearly stated. â¢ Method for displaying findings is stated.

Applicability to Nursing

â¢ Research focuses on a problem significant to nursing.

â¢ Research would contribute to nursing knowledge.

â¢ Proposal is complete so that another researcher could replicate the study. â¢ Statement about areas of nursing that would benefit from this study.

Research Proposal: Does the mother's cultural background impact potential postpartum depression?

(A Retrospective of LA County)

silverarmadillo533

Chose the correct answers on one through 15(plese help)

1.A research group hypothesizes that successful infection by HIVdepends upon the expression of FSH3, a human gene. They overexpressthis gene in T cells (Which HIV normally infects) so that FSH3protein levels are very high in these cells. In other T-cells, theymutate FSH3 so that none of its encoded protein is made. They thenmeasure HIV infection rate in the control, overexpression, andmutant T cells. The three cultures are otherwise grown in the sameway.

What is the independent variable(s) in this experiment? (Selectall correct answers)

		FSH3 protein levels
		The medium in which cells are grown
		The temperature at which cells are grown
		HIV resistance of cells

Question 2

Which arises from an error in a measurement or observation?

		Technical variability
		Biological variability
		Standard error
		Standard deviation

Question 3

Use the following description of an experiment to answer thenext question.

A research group hypothesizes that successful infection by HIVdepends upon the expression of FSH3, a human gene. They overexpressthis gene in T cells (Which HIV normally infects) so that FSH3protein levels are very high in these cells. In other T-cells, theymutate FSH3 so that none of its encoded protein is made. They thenmeasure HIV infection rate in the control, overexpression, andmutant T cells. The three cultures are otherwise grown in the sameway.

What is the control group(s) in this experiment? (Select allcorrect answers)

		The unaltered T cells
		The medium in which cells are grown
		The T cells in which FSH3 is mutated
		The T cells overexpressing FSH3

Question 4

How many of the following statements are true?

I. All papers have an abstract, methods, results, and discussionsection

II. The methods always follows the introduction

		0
		2
		1

Question 5

If scientific convention states that when a P value of less than0.05 is considered significant (in other words, the two groupsbeing measured are actually different), this means that: (Selectall correct answers)

		If you were to repeat the experiment 100 times, there would notbe a significant difference between the groups in 5 of theexperiments
		95% of all conclusions that state two groups are not differentbased on a 0.5% p-value threshold are false negatives
		The groups are actually not different from each other 95% of thetime
		5% of all conclusions that state two groups are different basedon a 0.5% p-value threshold are false positives

What information is typically found in the introduction sectionof a paper? (Select all that apply)

		The dependent and independent variables within the study
		Which areas of the field are not well understood and whatquestion the study addresses
		How the main question of the paper is related to other researchin the field.
		How previous work forms the basis for the current study
		The purpose of the study
		Details of the approaches used
		A summary of relevant related studies

Question 7

How can you judge for yourself whether the conclusions reachedin a paper are valid? (Select all that apply)

		Read papers of other authors studying the same question or areaof inquiry
		Determine if each hypothesis is supported by different types ofevidence/approaches.
		Consider closely whether the data actually both addresses andsupports the authorâs hypothesis.
		Examine the amount of data in the paper, and how long the paperis.
		Whether the authors find a mechanism, or exactly how on variableaffects another.
		Interpret the data for yourself without looking the discussion,then compare your interpretations to that of the authorâs.

Question 8

Where can you usually find the institutional affiliations (wherethey work) of the authors?

		Within the discussion
		In the acknowledgements section
		Below the authors list
		This is not usually included in papers

Question 9

Other than publishing primary research articles, what is themain way scientists disseminate their results?

		Lab meetings
		Personal correspondence
		Conference seminars
		Public lectures

Question 10

Use the following description of an experiment to answer thenext question.

What is the experimental group(s) in this experiment? (Selectall correct answers)

		Each group is its own control
		The T cells overexpressing FSH3
		The T cells in which FSH3 is mutated
		The unaltered T cells

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BIOL 2040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Kaic, Circadian Clock, Reca

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