ANTH 168 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Dna Replication, Telophase, Metaphase
Document Summary
Over 110,000 proteins are made from only 20,000 genes. Eukaryotic genes are broken into coding regions and non-coding spacer regions. Eukaryotes have membrane-bound cellular organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, etc . Prokaryotes do not have internal compartments like organelles. Mendelian genetics refers to simple genetic traits (simple = due to just one or two genes) Dna consists of four nucleotides (also called bases): adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, coded a, g, c, and t. Dna is organized in cells into molecules called chromosomes. Chromosomes consist of dna wrapped around proteins called histones. Each base has a complimentary base it pairs with. In rna, thymidine is replaced by uracil (u), so a binds with u in rna. Not normally visible in the nucleic of non-dividing cells. Usually uncoiled in long threads and clumps of chromatin throughout nucleus. Strands coil and shorten prior to cell division to form chromosomes. Dna is grouped into patterns which code for proteins.