CHEM 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Beta Sheet, Coagulation, Egg White
12 Apr 2017
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Biochemically important peptides: many relatively small peptides are biochemically active. Best known peptide hormones -- oxytocin and vasopressin. Enkephalins are pentapeptide neurotransmitters produced by the brain and bind to receptors within the brain. Glutathione (glu-cys-gly), a tripeptide, is present in high levels in most cells. Glutathione is an antioxidant and protects cellular contents from oxidizing agents such as peroxides and superoxides. Highly reactive forms of oxygen are often generated within the cell in response to bacterial invasion. The terms polypeptide and protein are often used interchangeably to describe a protein. Several proteins with >10k amino acid residues are known. Small proteins contain 40-100 amino acid residues: more than one polypeptide chain may be present in a protein. Multimeric -- contains 2 or more polypeptide chains. Protein classification based on chemical composition: simple proteins: a protein in which only amino acid residues are present.
