BIOLOGY 242 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Anaphylaxis, Polymyxin
18 Oct 2016
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Properties of antimicrobial agents: selective toxicity. Many effective agents are too toxic, topical applications. Generally smaller for drugs against eukaryotic (more toxic) larger ratio, more selectively toxic, the better: spectrum of activity. Whenever possible, take a narrow spectrum antibiotic. Antibiotic: produced by one mo to inhibit growth of another mo: side effects. Normal microbiota destroyed (natural mo in body, good mo) Super infections: candida-yeast growth, clostridium difficile (bacterium, makes endospores, survives broad spectrum antibiotics, so it can grow easily when everything else is killed. Determining sensitivity of mo to an antibiotic. Dilution method, mic (minimum inhibitory concentration: more quantitative, expensive. Antibacterial drugs (know 1 or 2 examples for which drug does what) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis: penicillin, bacitracin, cephalosporin, vancomyosin. Disruption of cell membrane function: polymyxin. Inhibition of protein synthesis: tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis: rifamycin (transcription), quinolones (dna replication), metronidazole. Sulfa drugs: not actually antibiotics: chemically produced in a lab, antimetabolites.
