BIOLOGY 364 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cardiac Muscle, Nissl Body, Dorsal Root Ganglion
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31. Which of the following statements is true if onemaintains a high level of physical activity throughout life?
Slower decline in reaction time and recovery time in the musclesystem | |
Slower increase in processing impulses by the CNS | |
Slower increase in fat and fibers in the muscle system | |
Slower increase in bone minerals in the skeletal system |
32. Which of the following is not an age relatedchange associated with the lens?
Decline in transparency to all colors of light | |
Formation of new capillaries in the lens | |
Reduction in the ability to refract light | |
Decrease in the elasticity of the lens |
33. What is the definition of tidal volume?
the volume of air inspired equals the volume expired atrest | |
the most air a person can inspire when taking a deepbreath | |
the amount of air left in the lungs following fullexpiration | |
the total amount of air that can be in lungs at any onetime |
34. What is the most common type of arthritis inadults?
Rheumatoid arthritis | |
Psoriatic arthritis | |
Osteoarthritis | |
Gout |
35. A pannus is a destructive type of tissueassociated with which condition?
Emphysema | |
Colitis | |
Rheumatoid arthritis | |
Osteoporosis |
36. Tremors, muscle stiffness, inability to completea motion after it was initiated, loss of balance, weakness, and astooped posture are all signs of which disease?
Stroke | |
Alzheimers | |
Parkinson's | |
Multi-infarct dementia |
37. Which type of muscle fiber is considered to be'fast contracting and resistant to fatigue'?
Type I | |
Type IIA | |
Type IIB | |
Type IIC |
38. Which statement regarding crush fractures istrue?
they only occur when lifting or carrying a heavy object | |
the patient tends to lean backwards to take the pressure offthe fracture | |
pulmonary and circulatory systems are not effected by thefracture | |
nerve function may be compromised by pinching of the bonepieces |
39. Which of the following statements regardingdecubitus ulcers is true?
cells start dying if blood flow is reduced for an hour | |
ulcers heal quickly if they are treated appropriately | |
the legs are the most susceptible body part | |
pressure and immobility are the main causes |
40. Which of the following increases the risk ofage-related macular degeneration?
Hypotension | |
Diabetes | |
Cataracts | |
Atherosclerosis |
QUESTION 30
The function of centrosome is:
1. | Microtubule initiation and organization in animal cells | |
2. | Organization of thin filaments | |
3. | Depolymerization of microtubules | |
4. | Organization of intermediate filaments |
2.5 points
QUESTION 31
The destinations of proteins synthesized on "free" ribomsomes include:
1. | Endoplasmic reticulum | |
2. | Nucleus | |
3. | Mitochondria | |
4. | Lysosomes |
2.5 points
QUESTION 32
Microtubules can be assembled and disassembled quickly in response to the cellular changes is because:
1. | Cells synthesize tubulin proteins very fast. | |
2. | Cells can turn other cytoskeletal filaments into microtubules | |
3. | Microtubules have an instable plus end and microtubules are probably organized by weak non-covalent interactions | |
4. | The motor proteins of microtubules can organize the microtubules in response to the cellular changes |
2.5 points
QUESTION 33
Both signal recognition particle and a translocon in rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane can recognize and bind to the signal sequence of a secretory protein, so they play the exact same role during protein co-translational translocation.
True
False
2.5 points
QUESTION 34
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is so named is because:
1. | It has many proteins associated with its surface. | |
2. | It has ribosomes associated with its cytosolic surface. | |
3. | It is associated with nuclear membrane. | |
4. | It has vesicles budding off its surface. |
2.5 points
QUESTION 35
The membrane vesicles that transport materials between membrane compartments have a protein coat. The protein coat has similar functions in different vesicles. These functions include:
1. | Help the enclosed material fold correctly. | |
2. | Help degrade the protein in the vesicles | |
3. | Maintain the internal pH of the vesicles | |
4. | Function as mechanical device to form a vesicle and select the components to be carried by a vesicle. |
2.5 points
QUESTION 36
Lysosomes are important for:
1. | Receptor-mediated endocytosis. | |
2. | Breaking down foreign particles brought into the cells by endosomes | |
3. | Regulating the process of organelle turnover. | |
4. | Protein trafficking between membrane compartments |
2.5 points
QUESTION 37
Which of the following is correct about membrane biosynthesis?
1. | Membranes are synthesized in Golgi Complex. | |
2. | Membranes arise from preexisting endoplasmic reticulum membranes. | |
3. | Membranes are synthesized on ribosomes. | |
4. | Membranes of all organelles have the same composition of proteins and lipids, since they all originate from endoplasmic reticulum. |
2.5 points
QUESTION 38
During skeletal muscle contractions, the shortening of the muscle fibers is because of:
The shortening of the thin and thick myofilaments. | ||
The shortening of the cytoskeletal filaments. | ||
The kinesin proteins moving over microtubules. | ||
The actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other. |
2.5 points
QUESTION 39
The assembly and disassembly of microtubules is regulated by rate of growth and shrinkage of the plus end.
True
False
2.5 points
QUESTION 40
The functions of Golgi complex include:
1. | O-linked oligosaccharides and most of a cellâs complex polysaccharides are assembled in Golgi complex | |
2. | Cis Golgi complex sorts proteins | |
3. | Trans Golgi complex segregates proteins in different types of vesicles for dilevery. | |
4. | N-linked oligosaccharides are further processed in Golgi complex |