CAS BB 191 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Contractile Vacuole, Reproduction, Amoeboid Movement

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Three most important phyla: sarcomastigophora: includes the amebas and the flagellates, apicomplexa: all parasitic, ciliophora: ciliates. Consist of active or vegetative phases and cyst phases (encystment) Cyst = a resistant, quiescent (sleeping) stage in a cyst wall. Includes protozoa that move by flagella (mastigophorans) and those that move by pseudopodia (sarcodinans) Reproduce asexually by longitudinal binary fission: class phytomastigophorea (phytoflagellates) Contain chlorophyll in one or more chloroplasts. Some have a stigma, or eyespot, a light sensitive receptor. Move and feed by means of pseudopodia. Found in fresh and marine water, moist soils. Many chambered tests of calcium carbonate and sand grains. Tests made of siliceous (glass) material: phylum apicomplexa. Move by pseudopodia, flagella, and body contractions. Some point develop spore (oocyst) which is infective for the next host. Plasmodium vivax (malaria), toxoplasma (defects: phylum ciliophora. Most are free living, though some are commensalistic or parasitic. Are always multinucleated, possessing at least one macronucleus and one micronucleus:

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