CAS BB 191 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Symmetry In Biology, Extracellular Fluid, Worms 2

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Zoology 101 section 1 lecture notes: patterns of organization. Five major grades of organization: protoplasmic level of organization, cellular level of organization, cell-tissue level of organization, tissue-organ level of organization. Two subdivisions: parenchyma: chief functional cells of an organ, stroma: supportive tissues. 11 different systems in animals (metazoans: skeletal, muscular, integumentary, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, endocrine, immune, reproductive, organ-system level of organization. Complexity and body size: complex organization permits, and to some extent promotes, the evolution of large body size. The body fluids are subdivided into two major groups: intracellular: the fluid within the body"s cells, extracellular: the fluid outside the cells. Subdivided further: blood plasma = fluid portion of blood, interstitial fluid = occupies space surrounding cells. Four principle kinds of tissue: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous. Advances in body structure over time: multicellularity, bilateral symmetry, tube within tube body plan, true body cavity. The serial repetition of similar body segments. True metamerism is found in only three phyla:

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